Accounting Correct Answer: Recording and reporting
past financial transactions.
Finance Correct Answer: Managing assets, liabilities, and
planning for future growth.
Personal Finance Correct Answer: Managing individual
or household money (budgeting, saving, investing).
Public Finance Correct Answer: Government money
management, including taxes, spending, and debt.
Business Finance / Corporate Finance Correct Answer:
Managing company money, including investments,
funding, and risk.
Capital Budgeting Correct Answer: Deciding which
projects a company should invest in.
Cost of Capital Correct Answer: The return a company
must earn to cover the cost of funding a project.
Financial Ratios Correct Answer: Comparisons of
financial data to measure performance.
,Common Stock Correct Answer: Ownership in a
company with voting rights and potential dividends.
Preferred Stock Correct Answer: Ownership with fixed
dividends and priority in asset claims, usually no voting
rights.
Capital Appreciation Correct Answer: Increase in an
asset's value over time.
Bonds Correct Answer: Loans made to companies or
governments that must be repaid with interest.
Coupon Rate Correct Answer: The interest rate a bond
pays to investors.
Maturity Correct Answer: The date a bond's final
payment is due.
Corporate Bonds Correct Answer: Bonds issued by
companies, usually higher risk and higher return than
government bonds.
Municipal Bonds Correct Answer: Local or state
government bonds, often tax-exempt.
, Treasury Bonds Correct Answer: U.S. federal government
bonds, considered very low risk.
Financial Derivatives Correct Answer: Contracts whose
value is based on another asset's price.
Options Correct Answer: Contracts giving the right (not
obligation) to buy/sell at a set price before a date.
Futures Correct Answer: Contracts requiring
buying/selling at a set price on a set date.
Investment Funds Correct Answer: Pools of money from
many investors invested in a portfolio.
Mutual Funds Correct Answer: Investment funds priced
daily based on net asset value (NAV).
Exchange-Traded Funds (ETFs) Correct Answer:
Investment funds traded like stocks.
Hedge Funds Correct Answer: High-risk funds for wealthy
or institutional investors.
Pension Funds Correct Answer: Retirement savings
invested for long-term growth.