,Chapter 1 Test A
gg gg gg
MULTIPLE CHOICE gg
INSTRUCTIONS: The following selections relate to distinguishing arguments from
gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
nonarguments and identifying conclusions. Select the best answer for each.
gg nn gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
1. There appears to be a growing happiness gap between men and women. Women today are
gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
g working more and relaxing less, while men are working less and relaxing more.
g nn gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
Forty years ago a typical woman spent 40 minutes more per week than the typical man
gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
performing an activity
gg considered unpleasant. Today, with men working less, the
gg gg g g g g gg g g gg g g gg gg
gap is 90 minutes and growing.
gg gg gg g g gg gg
a. Argument; conclusion: Today ... the gap is 90 minutes and growing.
gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
b. Nonargument.
c. Argument; conclusion: Forty years ago ... an activity considered unpleasant.
gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
d. Argument; conclusion: There appears to be ... between men and women.
gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
e. Argument; conclusion: Women today are working more andgg gg gg gg gg gg gg
gg relaxing less.ANS: D PTS: gg g g 2
2. Lead is toxic, but do you know why? Lead is toxic mainly because it preferentially
gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
replaces other metals in biochemical reactions. In so doing it interferes with the proteins
gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
that regulate blood
gg gg pressure(which can cause development delays in children and
gg g g gg gg gg g g g g gg gg
gghigh blood pressure in adults), heme production (which can lead to anemia), and
g g gg gg gg gg gg nn gg gg gg gg gg
ggsperm production. Lead also displaces calcium in the reactions that transmit electrical
gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
impulses in the brain, which diminishes the ability to think and recall information.
gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg g g gg gg
Anne Marie Helmstine, "Your Guide to Chemistry" gg gg gg gg gg gg
a. Argument; conclusion: It interferes with the proteins ... and sperm production.
gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
b. Argument; conclusion: Lead is toxic. gg gg gg gg
c. Nonargument.
d. Argument; conclusion: It preferentially replaces other metals in biochemical reactions.
gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
e. Argument; conclusion: Lead also displaces calcium ... gg gg gg gg gg gg
gg recall information.ANS: C
gg PTS: g g 2
3. Aristotle focused on clarifying the concept of virtue itself. He argued that it was virtuous to
gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
choose
gg theproper amount of emotion and/or action called for in a particular situation and
g g gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
that extremes of
gg gg emotion and action were vices. In all communities there are some
gg g g gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
ggmen of practical wisdom who have the capacity to judge wisely. Aristotle argued that
gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
they have the capacity to follow the "right rule" whatever the situation.
gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg g g gg gg gg
David Cooper, Value Pluralism and Ethical Choice gg gg gg gg gg gg
a. Argument; conclusion: In all communities ... capacity to judge wisely.
gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
b. Argument; conclusion: Aristotle focused on clarifying the concept of virtue itself.
gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
c. Argument; conclusion: They have the capacity to follow ... the situation.
gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
d. Argument; conclusion: He argued that it was virtuous ... were vices
gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
e. Nonargument.
ANS: E PTS: 2
4. Illegal immigrants pay local sales taxes, and many of them also pay state, local, and federal
gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
ggincome taxand Social Security tax. They also purchase items from local merchants, increasing
gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
the amount these merchants pay in taxes. In addition, they work for low salaries,
gg gg g g gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
ggwhich increases the earnings of their employers and the amount of taxes these
gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
ggemployers pay. Thus, it is not correct to say that illegal immigrants contribute nothing
gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
to the communities in which they live.
gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
a. Argument; conclusion: It is not correct to say ... communities in which they live.
gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
1
, b. Argument; conclusion: They work for low salaries ... these employers pay.
gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
c. Argument; conclusion: Illegal immigrants pay ... Social Security tax.
gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
d. Argument; conclusion: They also purchase items ... pay in taxes.
gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
e. Nonargument.
ANS: A PTS: 2
5. Numerous studies have indicated that women of color, black women in particular, are
g g gg gg gg gg g g gg gg gg g g gg gg
over- arrested, over-indicted, and over-sentenced. African-American women are seven times
gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
more likely to be arrested for prostitution than women of other ethnic groups. Black
gg gg g g gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
women have received
gg significantlylonger sentences for crimes against property and served
gg gg g g gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
longer periods in prison. For both murder and drug offenses, Euroamerican women ended up
gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg nn gg gg gg gg gg
serving one-third less time for the same offenses than black women.
gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
Nancy Kurshan, "Women and Imprisonment in the U.S." gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
a. Argument; conclusion: African-American women ... other ethnic groups.
gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
b. Nonargument.
c. Argument; conclusion: For both murder and drug offenses ... black women.
gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
d. Argument; conclusion: Numerous studies have indicated ... over-sentenced.
gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
e. Argument; conclusion: Black women have received ... longer periods
gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
gg in prison. ANS:
gg nn B PTS: g g 2
6. It's even more important these days that your computer be protected by a firewall.
g g gg g g gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
ggThere are criminal elements lurking in the shadows of cyberspace who send out probes to
gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
detect unprotected
gg PCs. Once a vulnerable computer is found, these criminals install
gg g g gg gg nn gg gg gg gg gg gg
software that assists them in committing identity theft and fencing stolen IDs. They
gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg g g
ggalso defraud online advertisers by using these zombie computers tovisit pay-per-click
g g gg gg g g gg gg gg gg gg gg
ads.
gg
a. Argument; conclusion: There are criminal elements ... to detect unprotected PCs.
gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
b. Argument; conclusion: Once a vulnerable computer ... fencing stolen IDs.
gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
c. Nonargument.
d. Argument; conclusion: They also defraud ... to visit pay-per-click ads.
gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
e. Argument; conclusion: It's even more important ... protected
gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
gg by a firewall.ANS: E PTS:
gg gg g g 2
7. The earth is of interest to astronomy for many reasons. Nearly all observations must be
gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg g g gg gg gg g g
made through the atmosphere, and the phenomena of the upper atmosphere and the
gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
magnetosphere
gg reflect the state ofinterplanetary space. The earth is also the most
g g gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
important object of comparison for planetologists.
gg gg gg gg gg gg
Hannu Karttunen, et al., Fundamental Astronomy gg gg gg gg gg
a. Argument; conclusion: The phenomena ... state of interplanetary space.
gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
b. Argument; conclusion: The earth is also ... for planetologists.
gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
c. Argument; conclusion: The earth is of interest to astronomy.gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
d. Nonargument.
e. Argument; conclusion: Nearly all observations ... through
gg gg gg gg gg gg
gg the atmosphere. ANS:
gg nn C PTS: g g 2
8. If the trade in tiger products is banned, tiger reserves are guarded by well equipped staff,
gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
g communities abutting tiger habitat are given a stake in protecting tigers, and the makers of
g nn gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
traditional medicines canbe persuaded that tiger parts are not needed, then tiger poaching
gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
will be
gg halted, habitat and life sustaining prey will be restored, and the immanent
gg g g gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
ggextinction of tigers in the wild will be averted.
gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
a. Nonargument.
b. Argument; conclusion: The trade in tiger products is banned.gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
c. Argument; conclusion: Tiger poaching will be halted. gg gg gg gg gg gg
d. Argument; conclusion: The makers of traditional medicines ... not needed.
gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
2
, e. Argument; conclusion: Tiger poaching will be halted ... will
gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
gg be averted.ANS:
gg A PTS: g g 2
9. Humans are biological organisms. To understand our behavior and mental processes, we
gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
need to understand their biological underpinnings, starting with the cellular level, the
gg gg g g gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
neuron. How we feel, learn, remember, and think all stem from neuronal activity. So,
gg gg gg gg g g gg g g gg gg gg gg gg gg g g
how a neuron works and how neuronscommunicate are crucial pieces of information in
gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
solving the puzzle of human behavior and mental processing.
gg gg gg gg gg g g gg gg gg
Richard Griggs, Psychology: A Concise Introduction gg gg gg gg gg
a. Argument; conclusion: To understand our behavior ... the neuron.
gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
b. Argument; conclusion: Humans are biological organisms.
gg gg gg gg gg
c. Argument; conclusion: How we feel ... neuronal activity.gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
d. Argument; conclusion: How a neuron works ... mental processing.
gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
e. Nonargument.
ANS: D PTS: 2
10. Viruses are acellular entities too small to be seen with a light microscope. They are
gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
ggcomposed of a nucleic acid and a few proteins. Viruses replicate themselves and display
gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
other properties of living organisms only when they have invaded living cells. Indeed, some
gg gg gg gg g g gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
viruses can be crystallized and
gg gg stored in a container on a shelf for years, but they retain
gg gg gg g g gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
the capacity to invade cells and cause disease.
gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
Jacquelyn C. Black, Microbiology: Principles and Explorations gg gg gg gg gg gg
a. Argument; conclusion: They are composed of a nucleic acid and a few proteins.
gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
b. Nonargument.
c. Argument; conclusion: Viruses are acellular entities ... microscope.
gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
d. Argument; conclusion: Indeed, some viruses can be crystallized ... cause disease.
gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
e. Argument; conclusion: Viruses replicate themselves ... invaded
gg gg gg gg gg gg
gg living cells.ANS:gg B PTS: g g 2
11. Harnessing the clean, abundant energy of the sun and wind is critical to solving
gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
ggthe global warming problem. Technological advances have brought the cost of electricity
gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
generated by the wind down by82 percent since 1981. Solar energy technology has made
gg gg gg g g gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
remarkable progress as new photovoltaic cells have been developed to convert even
gg gg gg g g gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
greater amounts of sunlight directly into electricity. Todaythe costs of wind and solar
gg gg gg gg gg g g gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
ggpower are becoming competitive with dirty coal-fired plants.
gg gg gg g g gg gg gg
Sierra Club, "Global Warming Solutions" gg gg gg gg
a. Argument; conclusion: Today the costs of wind ... dirty coal-fired plants.
gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
b. Argument; conclusion: Technological advances ... by 82 percent since 1981.
gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
c. Argument; conclusion: Harnessing the clean ... the global warming problem.
gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
d. Nonargument.
e. Argument; conclusion: Solar energy technology ... directly
gg gg gg gg gg gg
gg into electricity.ANS:
gg DPTS: g g 2
12. It is likely that innocent prisoners in this country have been executed for crimes
gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
ggthey did not commit. From 1973 until 2007, 124 death row inmates have been
gg gg gg g g gg g g gg gg gg gg gg gg g g
ggexonerated. In many of these cases DNA evidence played a crucial role. Yet, in that
gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
same time frame, more than 1000 prisoners were executed. For many of these prisoners no
gg gg gg gg gg gg gg g g gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
DNA evidence was available. If such evidence had
gg gg been available, howmay more would
gg gg gg gg gg gg g g gg gg gg gg
have been exonerated?
gg gg gg
a. Argument; conclusion: In many of these cases ... played a crucial role.
gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
b. Nonargument.
c. Argument; conclusion: From 1973 ... have been exonerated.
gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
d. Argument; conclusion: For many of these prisoners ... was available.
gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
e. Argument; conclusion: It is likely that innocent prisoners ... they did not commit.
gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
3
gg gg gg
MULTIPLE CHOICE gg
INSTRUCTIONS: The following selections relate to distinguishing arguments from
gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
nonarguments and identifying conclusions. Select the best answer for each.
gg nn gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
1. There appears to be a growing happiness gap between men and women. Women today are
gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
g working more and relaxing less, while men are working less and relaxing more.
g nn gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
Forty years ago a typical woman spent 40 minutes more per week than the typical man
gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
performing an activity
gg considered unpleasant. Today, with men working less, the
gg gg g g g g gg g g gg g g gg gg
gap is 90 minutes and growing.
gg gg gg g g gg gg
a. Argument; conclusion: Today ... the gap is 90 minutes and growing.
gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
b. Nonargument.
c. Argument; conclusion: Forty years ago ... an activity considered unpleasant.
gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
d. Argument; conclusion: There appears to be ... between men and women.
gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
e. Argument; conclusion: Women today are working more andgg gg gg gg gg gg gg
gg relaxing less.ANS: D PTS: gg g g 2
2. Lead is toxic, but do you know why? Lead is toxic mainly because it preferentially
gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
replaces other metals in biochemical reactions. In so doing it interferes with the proteins
gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
that regulate blood
gg gg pressure(which can cause development delays in children and
gg g g gg gg gg g g g g gg gg
gghigh blood pressure in adults), heme production (which can lead to anemia), and
g g gg gg gg gg gg nn gg gg gg gg gg
ggsperm production. Lead also displaces calcium in the reactions that transmit electrical
gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
impulses in the brain, which diminishes the ability to think and recall information.
gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg g g gg gg
Anne Marie Helmstine, "Your Guide to Chemistry" gg gg gg gg gg gg
a. Argument; conclusion: It interferes with the proteins ... and sperm production.
gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
b. Argument; conclusion: Lead is toxic. gg gg gg gg
c. Nonargument.
d. Argument; conclusion: It preferentially replaces other metals in biochemical reactions.
gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
e. Argument; conclusion: Lead also displaces calcium ... gg gg gg gg gg gg
gg recall information.ANS: C
gg PTS: g g 2
3. Aristotle focused on clarifying the concept of virtue itself. He argued that it was virtuous to
gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
choose
gg theproper amount of emotion and/or action called for in a particular situation and
g g gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
that extremes of
gg gg emotion and action were vices. In all communities there are some
gg g g gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
ggmen of practical wisdom who have the capacity to judge wisely. Aristotle argued that
gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
they have the capacity to follow the "right rule" whatever the situation.
gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg g g gg gg gg
David Cooper, Value Pluralism and Ethical Choice gg gg gg gg gg gg
a. Argument; conclusion: In all communities ... capacity to judge wisely.
gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
b. Argument; conclusion: Aristotle focused on clarifying the concept of virtue itself.
gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
c. Argument; conclusion: They have the capacity to follow ... the situation.
gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
d. Argument; conclusion: He argued that it was virtuous ... were vices
gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
e. Nonargument.
ANS: E PTS: 2
4. Illegal immigrants pay local sales taxes, and many of them also pay state, local, and federal
gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
ggincome taxand Social Security tax. They also purchase items from local merchants, increasing
gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
the amount these merchants pay in taxes. In addition, they work for low salaries,
gg gg g g gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
ggwhich increases the earnings of their employers and the amount of taxes these
gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
ggemployers pay. Thus, it is not correct to say that illegal immigrants contribute nothing
gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
to the communities in which they live.
gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
a. Argument; conclusion: It is not correct to say ... communities in which they live.
gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
1
, b. Argument; conclusion: They work for low salaries ... these employers pay.
gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
c. Argument; conclusion: Illegal immigrants pay ... Social Security tax.
gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
d. Argument; conclusion: They also purchase items ... pay in taxes.
gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
e. Nonargument.
ANS: A PTS: 2
5. Numerous studies have indicated that women of color, black women in particular, are
g g gg gg gg gg g g gg gg gg g g gg gg
over- arrested, over-indicted, and over-sentenced. African-American women are seven times
gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
more likely to be arrested for prostitution than women of other ethnic groups. Black
gg gg g g gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
women have received
gg significantlylonger sentences for crimes against property and served
gg gg g g gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
longer periods in prison. For both murder and drug offenses, Euroamerican women ended up
gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg nn gg gg gg gg gg
serving one-third less time for the same offenses than black women.
gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
Nancy Kurshan, "Women and Imprisonment in the U.S." gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
a. Argument; conclusion: African-American women ... other ethnic groups.
gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
b. Nonargument.
c. Argument; conclusion: For both murder and drug offenses ... black women.
gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
d. Argument; conclusion: Numerous studies have indicated ... over-sentenced.
gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
e. Argument; conclusion: Black women have received ... longer periods
gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
gg in prison. ANS:
gg nn B PTS: g g 2
6. It's even more important these days that your computer be protected by a firewall.
g g gg g g gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
ggThere are criminal elements lurking in the shadows of cyberspace who send out probes to
gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
detect unprotected
gg PCs. Once a vulnerable computer is found, these criminals install
gg g g gg gg nn gg gg gg gg gg gg
software that assists them in committing identity theft and fencing stolen IDs. They
gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg g g
ggalso defraud online advertisers by using these zombie computers tovisit pay-per-click
g g gg gg g g gg gg gg gg gg gg
ads.
gg
a. Argument; conclusion: There are criminal elements ... to detect unprotected PCs.
gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
b. Argument; conclusion: Once a vulnerable computer ... fencing stolen IDs.
gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
c. Nonargument.
d. Argument; conclusion: They also defraud ... to visit pay-per-click ads.
gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
e. Argument; conclusion: It's even more important ... protected
gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
gg by a firewall.ANS: E PTS:
gg gg g g 2
7. The earth is of interest to astronomy for many reasons. Nearly all observations must be
gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg g g gg gg gg g g
made through the atmosphere, and the phenomena of the upper atmosphere and the
gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
magnetosphere
gg reflect the state ofinterplanetary space. The earth is also the most
g g gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
important object of comparison for planetologists.
gg gg gg gg gg gg
Hannu Karttunen, et al., Fundamental Astronomy gg gg gg gg gg
a. Argument; conclusion: The phenomena ... state of interplanetary space.
gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
b. Argument; conclusion: The earth is also ... for planetologists.
gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
c. Argument; conclusion: The earth is of interest to astronomy.gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
d. Nonargument.
e. Argument; conclusion: Nearly all observations ... through
gg gg gg gg gg gg
gg the atmosphere. ANS:
gg nn C PTS: g g 2
8. If the trade in tiger products is banned, tiger reserves are guarded by well equipped staff,
gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
g communities abutting tiger habitat are given a stake in protecting tigers, and the makers of
g nn gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
traditional medicines canbe persuaded that tiger parts are not needed, then tiger poaching
gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
will be
gg halted, habitat and life sustaining prey will be restored, and the immanent
gg g g gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
ggextinction of tigers in the wild will be averted.
gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
a. Nonargument.
b. Argument; conclusion: The trade in tiger products is banned.gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
c. Argument; conclusion: Tiger poaching will be halted. gg gg gg gg gg gg
d. Argument; conclusion: The makers of traditional medicines ... not needed.
gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
2
, e. Argument; conclusion: Tiger poaching will be halted ... will
gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
gg be averted.ANS:
gg A PTS: g g 2
9. Humans are biological organisms. To understand our behavior and mental processes, we
gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
need to understand their biological underpinnings, starting with the cellular level, the
gg gg g g gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
neuron. How we feel, learn, remember, and think all stem from neuronal activity. So,
gg gg gg gg g g gg g g gg gg gg gg gg gg g g
how a neuron works and how neuronscommunicate are crucial pieces of information in
gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
solving the puzzle of human behavior and mental processing.
gg gg gg gg gg g g gg gg gg
Richard Griggs, Psychology: A Concise Introduction gg gg gg gg gg
a. Argument; conclusion: To understand our behavior ... the neuron.
gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
b. Argument; conclusion: Humans are biological organisms.
gg gg gg gg gg
c. Argument; conclusion: How we feel ... neuronal activity.gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
d. Argument; conclusion: How a neuron works ... mental processing.
gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
e. Nonargument.
ANS: D PTS: 2
10. Viruses are acellular entities too small to be seen with a light microscope. They are
gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
ggcomposed of a nucleic acid and a few proteins. Viruses replicate themselves and display
gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
other properties of living organisms only when they have invaded living cells. Indeed, some
gg gg gg gg g g gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
viruses can be crystallized and
gg gg stored in a container on a shelf for years, but they retain
gg gg gg g g gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
the capacity to invade cells and cause disease.
gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
Jacquelyn C. Black, Microbiology: Principles and Explorations gg gg gg gg gg gg
a. Argument; conclusion: They are composed of a nucleic acid and a few proteins.
gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
b. Nonargument.
c. Argument; conclusion: Viruses are acellular entities ... microscope.
gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
d. Argument; conclusion: Indeed, some viruses can be crystallized ... cause disease.
gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
e. Argument; conclusion: Viruses replicate themselves ... invaded
gg gg gg gg gg gg
gg living cells.ANS:gg B PTS: g g 2
11. Harnessing the clean, abundant energy of the sun and wind is critical to solving
gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
ggthe global warming problem. Technological advances have brought the cost of electricity
gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
generated by the wind down by82 percent since 1981. Solar energy technology has made
gg gg gg g g gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
remarkable progress as new photovoltaic cells have been developed to convert even
gg gg gg g g gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
greater amounts of sunlight directly into electricity. Todaythe costs of wind and solar
gg gg gg gg gg g g gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
ggpower are becoming competitive with dirty coal-fired plants.
gg gg gg g g gg gg gg
Sierra Club, "Global Warming Solutions" gg gg gg gg
a. Argument; conclusion: Today the costs of wind ... dirty coal-fired plants.
gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
b. Argument; conclusion: Technological advances ... by 82 percent since 1981.
gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
c. Argument; conclusion: Harnessing the clean ... the global warming problem.
gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
d. Nonargument.
e. Argument; conclusion: Solar energy technology ... directly
gg gg gg gg gg gg
gg into electricity.ANS:
gg DPTS: g g 2
12. It is likely that innocent prisoners in this country have been executed for crimes
gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
ggthey did not commit. From 1973 until 2007, 124 death row inmates have been
gg gg gg g g gg g g gg gg gg gg gg gg g g
ggexonerated. In many of these cases DNA evidence played a crucial role. Yet, in that
gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
same time frame, more than 1000 prisoners were executed. For many of these prisoners no
gg gg gg gg gg gg gg g g gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
DNA evidence was available. If such evidence had
gg gg been available, howmay more would
gg gg gg gg gg gg g g gg gg gg gg
have been exonerated?
gg gg gg
a. Argument; conclusion: In many of these cases ... played a crucial role.
gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
b. Nonargument.
c. Argument; conclusion: From 1973 ... have been exonerated.
gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
d. Argument; conclusion: For many of these prisoners ... was available.
gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
e. Argument; conclusion: It is likely that innocent prisoners ... they did not commit.
gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
3
