BIOL 251 HUMAN ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY I
W/LAB MODULE 2 LATEST 70+ QUESTIONS WITH
ANSWERS & RATIONALES (PORTAGE LEARNING |
LOCKDOWN BROWSER FORMAT)
1. A researcher observes a cell that has a distinct nucleus,
several membrane-bound organelles, and mitochondria.
Based on these characteristics, the researcher concludes
the cell must be: A. A prokaryotic cell
B. A eukaryotic cell
C. A bacterial cell
D. A viral particle
Rationale: Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus and organelles;
prokaryotic cells lack both.
2. During an experiment, a red blood cell is placed in a
solution and begins to lose water rapidly, causing the cell
to shrink and crenate. Which type of solution is this?
A. Hypotonic
B. Hypertonic
C. Isotoni
c
D. Neutra
l
Rationale: In a hypertonic solution, water leaves the cell,
causing shrinkage due to higher solute concentration
outside.
,3. A muscle cell contains a large number of mitochondria.
This structural feature suggests the cell’s primary activity
involves:
A. Protein synthesis
B. ATP production for contraction
C. Lipid storage
D. Detoxification of harmful substances
Rationale: Mitochondria are abundant in energy-
demanding cells like muscle, providing ATP for
contraction.
4. The plasma membrane’s primary structure is made up of:
A. Proteins and carbohydrates
B. Cholesterol and nucleic acids
C. Phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins
D. Collagen and actin filaments
Rationale: The phospholipid bilayer provides a semi-
permeable barrier; proteins assist with transport and
communication.
5. The movement of oxygen and carbon dioxide between cells
and capillaries occurs through:
A. Facilitated diffusion
B. Simple diffusion
C. Active transport
D. Endocytosis
, Rationale: Small, nonpolar gases like O₂ and CO₂ diffuse
passively down their concentration gradients.
6. The sodium-potassium pump moves ions
in which direction? A. 2 Na⁺ in, 3 K⁺ out
B. 3 Na⁺ out, 2 K⁺ in
C. Both Na⁺ and K⁺ into the cell
D. Both Na⁺ and K⁺ out of the cell
Rationale: The Na⁺/K⁺ ATPase pump maintains the resting
membrane potential by exporting sodium and importing
potassium using ATP.
7. A white blood cell engulfs a bacterium by forming a
vesicle around it. This process is called: A. Pinocytosis
B. Phagocytosis
C.
Exocytosis
D.
Diffusion
Rationale: Phagocytosis (“cell eating”) uses pseudopodia
to engulf large particles such as bacteria.
8. The phase of the cell cycle during which DNA is replicated
is:
A. G₁ phase
W/LAB MODULE 2 LATEST 70+ QUESTIONS WITH
ANSWERS & RATIONALES (PORTAGE LEARNING |
LOCKDOWN BROWSER FORMAT)
1. A researcher observes a cell that has a distinct nucleus,
several membrane-bound organelles, and mitochondria.
Based on these characteristics, the researcher concludes
the cell must be: A. A prokaryotic cell
B. A eukaryotic cell
C. A bacterial cell
D. A viral particle
Rationale: Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus and organelles;
prokaryotic cells lack both.
2. During an experiment, a red blood cell is placed in a
solution and begins to lose water rapidly, causing the cell
to shrink and crenate. Which type of solution is this?
A. Hypotonic
B. Hypertonic
C. Isotoni
c
D. Neutra
l
Rationale: In a hypertonic solution, water leaves the cell,
causing shrinkage due to higher solute concentration
outside.
,3. A muscle cell contains a large number of mitochondria.
This structural feature suggests the cell’s primary activity
involves:
A. Protein synthesis
B. ATP production for contraction
C. Lipid storage
D. Detoxification of harmful substances
Rationale: Mitochondria are abundant in energy-
demanding cells like muscle, providing ATP for
contraction.
4. The plasma membrane’s primary structure is made up of:
A. Proteins and carbohydrates
B. Cholesterol and nucleic acids
C. Phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins
D. Collagen and actin filaments
Rationale: The phospholipid bilayer provides a semi-
permeable barrier; proteins assist with transport and
communication.
5. The movement of oxygen and carbon dioxide between cells
and capillaries occurs through:
A. Facilitated diffusion
B. Simple diffusion
C. Active transport
D. Endocytosis
, Rationale: Small, nonpolar gases like O₂ and CO₂ diffuse
passively down their concentration gradients.
6. The sodium-potassium pump moves ions
in which direction? A. 2 Na⁺ in, 3 K⁺ out
B. 3 Na⁺ out, 2 K⁺ in
C. Both Na⁺ and K⁺ into the cell
D. Both Na⁺ and K⁺ out of the cell
Rationale: The Na⁺/K⁺ ATPase pump maintains the resting
membrane potential by exporting sodium and importing
potassium using ATP.
7. A white blood cell engulfs a bacterium by forming a
vesicle around it. This process is called: A. Pinocytosis
B. Phagocytosis
C.
Exocytosis
D.
Diffusion
Rationale: Phagocytosis (“cell eating”) uses pseudopodia
to engulf large particles such as bacteria.
8. The phase of the cell cycle during which DNA is replicated
is:
A. G₁ phase
