Bio 161- Final Exam
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_50mfzt
1. What is the role of nucleic acids store and transmit information needed
for growth, function, and reproduction.
2. What are the 3 essential features of a cell? 1. the ability to store and transmit infor-
mation
2. plasma membrane that controls
movements in and out
3. the ability to harness energy from the
environment
3. what is DNA? The information archive of cells for their
information;• a double stranded he-
lix, with each strand made up of vary-
ing sentences of four different kinds of
molecules connected end to end.
4. What are proteins? the information coded in DNA directs
the formation of these; they're the key
structural and functional molecules that
do the work of the cell... internal struc-
ture, shape, ability to move, and chem-
ical reactions depend on them.
5. what is RNA? a copy of the DNA's information in the
form of a closely related molecule; done
by proteins.
6. What is transcription? The synthesis of RNA from a DNA tem-
plate; a term that describes the copying
of information from one form to anoth-
er.
7. What is translation?
, Bio 161- Final Exam
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_50mfzt
After transcription takes place, the spe-
cialized molecular structures within the
cell then "read" the RNA to determine
what building blocks are used to cre-
ate a protein through this process... it
converts information stored in the lan-
guage of nucleic acids to information in
the language of proteins.
8. What is the Central Dogma? the pathway from DNA to RNA (and fi-
nally mRNA) to protein... it describes the
basic flow of information in a cell.
9. What is a gene? the DNA sequence that corresponds to
a specific protein product
10. Where is the cytoplasm and what is con- the nucleus occupies a discrete space
tained within it? within the cell, separate from the space
outside the nucleus
11. What are protons and where are they locat- Positively charged particles found with-
ed? in the nucleus
12. What are neutrons and where are they locat- Electrically neutral charged particles
ed? found in the nucleus
13. what are electrons and where are they locat- negatively charged particles that move
ed? around the nucleus at some distance
14. What particles determine atomic mass? protons and neutrons
15. What are isotopes? atoms of the same elements that have
different numbers or neutrons.
, Bio 161- Final Exam
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_50mfzt
16. what are ions? electrically charged atoms
17. What is the maximum number of electrons in two; electrons in orbitals close to the
any orbital? nucleus have less energy than do elec-
trons farther away.
18. What are molecules? groups of two or more atoms attached
together that act as a single unit.
19. What is a chemical bond? When two atoms form a molecule, the
individual atoms interact through these
forms of attractions between atoms that
hold them together.
20. what is electronegativity? the unequal sharing of electrons results
from a difference in the ability of the
atoms to attract electrons; tends to in-
crease across a row in the periodic table
(as the number of protons across a
row increases, electrons are held more
tightly to the nucleus)
21. what is a polar covalent bond? When electrons are shared unequally
between the two atoms
22. What is a nonpolar covalent bond? a covalent bond between atoms that
have the same, or nearly the same,
electronegativity; the atoms share the
bonding electron pair almost equally
(H2, O2, C-H) *dont mix well with wa-
ter!*
23. What is an ionic bond?
, Bio 161- Final Exam
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_50mfzt
When two ions are not covalently
bound, but because of their opposite
charges attract they associate with one
another (EX: NaCl)
24. What is a chemical reaction? A process by which atoms or molecules
(called reactants) are transformed into
different molecules (called products).
25. What is a polar molecule and what are two A molecule (like water) that has re-
different classes molecules fall into regarding gions of positive and negative charges.
water? They're either hydrophilic (water loving)
or hydrophobic (water fearing).
26. Hydrophobic compounds are ______ while hy- nonpolar; polar.
drophilic compounds are _____.
27. What is a hydrogen bond? an interaction between a hydrogen
atom with a slight positive charge and
an electronegative atom of another
molecule
28. Is liquid water or ice denser? as temperature increases and ice melts,
some of the hydrogen bonds are desta-
bilized and break, allowing the water
molecules to pack more closely; ulti-
mately liquid water is denser than ice...
as a result, ice floats on water
29. What is pH a measure of? the concentration of protons in a solu-
tion
30.
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_50mfzt
1. What is the role of nucleic acids store and transmit information needed
for growth, function, and reproduction.
2. What are the 3 essential features of a cell? 1. the ability to store and transmit infor-
mation
2. plasma membrane that controls
movements in and out
3. the ability to harness energy from the
environment
3. what is DNA? The information archive of cells for their
information;• a double stranded he-
lix, with each strand made up of vary-
ing sentences of four different kinds of
molecules connected end to end.
4. What are proteins? the information coded in DNA directs
the formation of these; they're the key
structural and functional molecules that
do the work of the cell... internal struc-
ture, shape, ability to move, and chem-
ical reactions depend on them.
5. what is RNA? a copy of the DNA's information in the
form of a closely related molecule; done
by proteins.
6. What is transcription? The synthesis of RNA from a DNA tem-
plate; a term that describes the copying
of information from one form to anoth-
er.
7. What is translation?
, Bio 161- Final Exam
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_50mfzt
After transcription takes place, the spe-
cialized molecular structures within the
cell then "read" the RNA to determine
what building blocks are used to cre-
ate a protein through this process... it
converts information stored in the lan-
guage of nucleic acids to information in
the language of proteins.
8. What is the Central Dogma? the pathway from DNA to RNA (and fi-
nally mRNA) to protein... it describes the
basic flow of information in a cell.
9. What is a gene? the DNA sequence that corresponds to
a specific protein product
10. Where is the cytoplasm and what is con- the nucleus occupies a discrete space
tained within it? within the cell, separate from the space
outside the nucleus
11. What are protons and where are they locat- Positively charged particles found with-
ed? in the nucleus
12. What are neutrons and where are they locat- Electrically neutral charged particles
ed? found in the nucleus
13. what are electrons and where are they locat- negatively charged particles that move
ed? around the nucleus at some distance
14. What particles determine atomic mass? protons and neutrons
15. What are isotopes? atoms of the same elements that have
different numbers or neutrons.
, Bio 161- Final Exam
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_50mfzt
16. what are ions? electrically charged atoms
17. What is the maximum number of electrons in two; electrons in orbitals close to the
any orbital? nucleus have less energy than do elec-
trons farther away.
18. What are molecules? groups of two or more atoms attached
together that act as a single unit.
19. What is a chemical bond? When two atoms form a molecule, the
individual atoms interact through these
forms of attractions between atoms that
hold them together.
20. what is electronegativity? the unequal sharing of electrons results
from a difference in the ability of the
atoms to attract electrons; tends to in-
crease across a row in the periodic table
(as the number of protons across a
row increases, electrons are held more
tightly to the nucleus)
21. what is a polar covalent bond? When electrons are shared unequally
between the two atoms
22. What is a nonpolar covalent bond? a covalent bond between atoms that
have the same, or nearly the same,
electronegativity; the atoms share the
bonding electron pair almost equally
(H2, O2, C-H) *dont mix well with wa-
ter!*
23. What is an ionic bond?
, Bio 161- Final Exam
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_50mfzt
When two ions are not covalently
bound, but because of their opposite
charges attract they associate with one
another (EX: NaCl)
24. What is a chemical reaction? A process by which atoms or molecules
(called reactants) are transformed into
different molecules (called products).
25. What is a polar molecule and what are two A molecule (like water) that has re-
different classes molecules fall into regarding gions of positive and negative charges.
water? They're either hydrophilic (water loving)
or hydrophobic (water fearing).
26. Hydrophobic compounds are ______ while hy- nonpolar; polar.
drophilic compounds are _____.
27. What is a hydrogen bond? an interaction between a hydrogen
atom with a slight positive charge and
an electronegative atom of another
molecule
28. Is liquid water or ice denser? as temperature increases and ice melts,
some of the hydrogen bonds are desta-
bilized and break, allowing the water
molecules to pack more closely; ulti-
mately liquid water is denser than ice...
as a result, ice floats on water
29. What is pH a measure of? the concentration of protons in a solu-
tion
30.
