Spinal Nerves of CNS
Structural
·
Separation section of spinal nerve
Iransverse
> covers each axon
Endoneurium -
microm
-
·
-
Perineurium-> covers a fascicle (collection of axons
Epineurium -
> covers nerve
-
·
Roots (2 each
Dorsal root-sensory only ; includes dorsal root ganglia
-
-
Ventral (anterior) root -
> motor axons only
central
canal
org
dorsal
·
(ascending)tracts
* blue :
sensory
pred motor :
(descending) tracts
Clinical procedures
·
Epidural
epidural space :
between duras the periosteum (membrane
covering vertebral
-
-
to obtain CSF need to enter the subdural space
I
, CNS
·
Parts of the brain
-
Brainstem
Cerebellum
-
Diencephalon
-
Cerebrum
-
·
meninges > same as
-
spinal cord except :
-
Dura mater is 2
layers' forms the venous sinuses between the layers
-no epidural space
Cerebrospinal Fluid
·
surrounds brains spinal cord within subarachnoid space
produced by choroid plexus in third ventricle
-
-returns to plasma by arachnoid villi
contiguous with cerebral interstitial fluid
-
lonic constituents similar to plasma more
regulated
·
,
· Doesn't contain formed bodies (RBCs,immune
:
, platelets) large proteins
ofxn >
-
protect from external influences (Chem composition changes) physical protection
.
,
Blood-Brain Barrier
·
highly selective permeability of brain capillaries prevents most filtration,inclu . water
-
protects CSF from large fluctuations in -> water-soluble compounds/toxins pressure
Neural Tissue Metabolism
·
Oxygen/Carbon dioxide -
>
passes freely across BBB
Glucose primary metabolic fuel for (responsible for50% total body glucose usage)
· -
neurons
membrane transporters glocuse from plasma into brain interstitial fluid
-
move
-
progressive hypoglycemia leads to confusion unconsciousness, death
,
Spinal Lord
organization
segments
·
-
> Dorsal horns (viscerals somatic
Grey matter - sensory nuclei) ,
lateral horns (visceral motor nuclei) Ventral horns (somatic motor)
,
-
white matter -
> Divided into columns
of tracts
Ascending tracts sensory info from body to brain
· :
Descending tracts motor
signal from brain to body parts
· :
Propriospinal tracts axons of
·
:
neurons that originate send in the cord
segments associated with spinal nerves
·
>
- each nerve branches into 2 roots
-
dorsal root neurons carry sensory info
dorsal root
ganglia contain afferent (sensory) nuclei
·
·
afferent neurons connect with interneurous in dorsal horn
-
ventual roots carry efferent (motor) signals from the CNS to body parts
·
Spinal reflexes integrated in the spinal cord
:
-
> inborn (stretch tendon pain) learned
fxn - , ,
-
level of integration spinal >
-
,
cranial
-
components+ > sensory receptor, afferent neuron ,
integration center, efferent neuron , effector
Structural
·
Separation section of spinal nerve
Iransverse
> covers each axon
Endoneurium -
microm
-
·
-
Perineurium-> covers a fascicle (collection of axons
Epineurium -
> covers nerve
-
·
Roots (2 each
Dorsal root-sensory only ; includes dorsal root ganglia
-
-
Ventral (anterior) root -
> motor axons only
central
canal
org
dorsal
·
(ascending)tracts
* blue :
sensory
pred motor :
(descending) tracts
Clinical procedures
·
Epidural
epidural space :
between duras the periosteum (membrane
covering vertebral
-
-
to obtain CSF need to enter the subdural space
I
, CNS
·
Parts of the brain
-
Brainstem
Cerebellum
-
Diencephalon
-
Cerebrum
-
·
meninges > same as
-
spinal cord except :
-
Dura mater is 2
layers' forms the venous sinuses between the layers
-no epidural space
Cerebrospinal Fluid
·
surrounds brains spinal cord within subarachnoid space
produced by choroid plexus in third ventricle
-
-returns to plasma by arachnoid villi
contiguous with cerebral interstitial fluid
-
lonic constituents similar to plasma more
regulated
·
,
· Doesn't contain formed bodies (RBCs,immune
:
, platelets) large proteins
ofxn >
-
protect from external influences (Chem composition changes) physical protection
.
,
Blood-Brain Barrier
·
highly selective permeability of brain capillaries prevents most filtration,inclu . water
-
protects CSF from large fluctuations in -> water-soluble compounds/toxins pressure
Neural Tissue Metabolism
·
Oxygen/Carbon dioxide -
>
passes freely across BBB
Glucose primary metabolic fuel for (responsible for50% total body glucose usage)
· -
neurons
membrane transporters glocuse from plasma into brain interstitial fluid
-
move
-
progressive hypoglycemia leads to confusion unconsciousness, death
,
Spinal Lord
organization
segments
·
-
> Dorsal horns (viscerals somatic
Grey matter - sensory nuclei) ,
lateral horns (visceral motor nuclei) Ventral horns (somatic motor)
,
-
white matter -
> Divided into columns
of tracts
Ascending tracts sensory info from body to brain
· :
Descending tracts motor
signal from brain to body parts
· :
Propriospinal tracts axons of
·
:
neurons that originate send in the cord
segments associated with spinal nerves
·
>
- each nerve branches into 2 roots
-
dorsal root neurons carry sensory info
dorsal root
ganglia contain afferent (sensory) nuclei
·
·
afferent neurons connect with interneurous in dorsal horn
-
ventual roots carry efferent (motor) signals from the CNS to body parts
·
Spinal reflexes integrated in the spinal cord
:
-
> inborn (stretch tendon pain) learned
fxn - , ,
-
level of integration spinal >
-
,
cranial
-
components+ > sensory receptor, afferent neuron ,
integration center, efferent neuron , effector
