SOP 3004 Exam #2 questions with
correct answers
The "self" - ANS ✔✔self-concept, self-esteem, self-regulation, & self-presentation
Self-concept - ANS ✔✔views and beliefs about ourself
Self-concept example - ANS ✔✔Who am I? "I am _____________"
Self-schemas - ANS ✔✔Beliefs about the self
Possible selves - ANS ✔✔the selves we want to become (or avoid) in the future (self-
discrepancy theory)
Self-Discrepancy Theory - ANS ✔✔When our "actual" selves are discrepant from our "ought"
selves
How do we form our self-concept? - ANS ✔✔Introspection (self-reflection), feedback from
others, social comparison
Self-esteem - ANS ✔✔Our attitude toward ourselves
Why do we have self-esteem? - ANS ✔✔Sociometer Theory (to belong)
Self-regulation - ANS ✔✔Monitor & adjust behaviors to reach goals
,Self-control - ANS ✔✔perception of control over one's life
External locus of control - ANS ✔✔the perception that chance or outside forces beyond your
personal control determine your fate.
Internal locus of control - ANS ✔✔the perception that you control your own fate
Limited resource/strength model - ANS ✔✔becomes weaker after exertion, replenished with
rest, strengthened by exercise
Self-Regulation (Baumeister et al. 1998) - ANS ✔✔Study at FSU, the study was ostensibly about
taste perception, deception
-5min tasting their assigned food
-unsolvable puzzle and the researchers timed how long it took people to give up
Self-Regulation (Baumeister et al. 1998, independent variable) - ANS ✔✔Assigned to eat
radishes or chocolate (self-control usage manipulated)
Self-Regulation (Baumeister et al. 1998, dependent variable) - ANS ✔✔Persistence on
unsolvable puzzle tasks (how much self-control is left over)
Self-presentation - ANS ✔✔creating a favorable or ideal impression or "impression
management"
Managing self-image - ANS ✔✔cognitive strategies
, Cognitive strategies - ANS ✔✔social comparison, self-serving attributions, unrealistic optimism,
exaggerating strengths/minimizing weaknesses
Social comparison - ANS ✔✔upward and downward social comparison
Upward social comparison - ANS ✔✔to gather information and motivate improvements
Downward social comparions - ANS ✔✔feel better about ourselves
Self-serving attributions - ANS ✔✔Self-serving bias, the "better than average effect"
Self-serving bias - ANS ✔✔take personal credit for your successes and blame external forces for
failures
Self-serving bias can lead to _______? - ANS ✔✔Self handicapping
Self-handicapping - ANS ✔✔creates obstacles so that there is an excuse (outside of the self) for
why we did poorly
Unrealistic optimism - ANS ✔✔tendency to overstimulate positive events about our future, a
tendency to underestimate negative events about our future
Exaggerating strengths/minimizing weaknesses - ANS ✔✔-Value characteristics/abilities you
have
-De-value characteristics/abilities you don't have
Who is most likely to engage in self-enhancing strategies? (person factor) - ANS ✔✔people with
high self-esteem
correct answers
The "self" - ANS ✔✔self-concept, self-esteem, self-regulation, & self-presentation
Self-concept - ANS ✔✔views and beliefs about ourself
Self-concept example - ANS ✔✔Who am I? "I am _____________"
Self-schemas - ANS ✔✔Beliefs about the self
Possible selves - ANS ✔✔the selves we want to become (or avoid) in the future (self-
discrepancy theory)
Self-Discrepancy Theory - ANS ✔✔When our "actual" selves are discrepant from our "ought"
selves
How do we form our self-concept? - ANS ✔✔Introspection (self-reflection), feedback from
others, social comparison
Self-esteem - ANS ✔✔Our attitude toward ourselves
Why do we have self-esteem? - ANS ✔✔Sociometer Theory (to belong)
Self-regulation - ANS ✔✔Monitor & adjust behaviors to reach goals
,Self-control - ANS ✔✔perception of control over one's life
External locus of control - ANS ✔✔the perception that chance or outside forces beyond your
personal control determine your fate.
Internal locus of control - ANS ✔✔the perception that you control your own fate
Limited resource/strength model - ANS ✔✔becomes weaker after exertion, replenished with
rest, strengthened by exercise
Self-Regulation (Baumeister et al. 1998) - ANS ✔✔Study at FSU, the study was ostensibly about
taste perception, deception
-5min tasting their assigned food
-unsolvable puzzle and the researchers timed how long it took people to give up
Self-Regulation (Baumeister et al. 1998, independent variable) - ANS ✔✔Assigned to eat
radishes or chocolate (self-control usage manipulated)
Self-Regulation (Baumeister et al. 1998, dependent variable) - ANS ✔✔Persistence on
unsolvable puzzle tasks (how much self-control is left over)
Self-presentation - ANS ✔✔creating a favorable or ideal impression or "impression
management"
Managing self-image - ANS ✔✔cognitive strategies
, Cognitive strategies - ANS ✔✔social comparison, self-serving attributions, unrealistic optimism,
exaggerating strengths/minimizing weaknesses
Social comparison - ANS ✔✔upward and downward social comparison
Upward social comparison - ANS ✔✔to gather information and motivate improvements
Downward social comparions - ANS ✔✔feel better about ourselves
Self-serving attributions - ANS ✔✔Self-serving bias, the "better than average effect"
Self-serving bias - ANS ✔✔take personal credit for your successes and blame external forces for
failures
Self-serving bias can lead to _______? - ANS ✔✔Self handicapping
Self-handicapping - ANS ✔✔creates obstacles so that there is an excuse (outside of the self) for
why we did poorly
Unrealistic optimism - ANS ✔✔tendency to overstimulate positive events about our future, a
tendency to underestimate negative events about our future
Exaggerating strengths/minimizing weaknesses - ANS ✔✔-Value characteristics/abilities you
have
-De-value characteristics/abilities you don't have
Who is most likely to engage in self-enhancing strategies? (person factor) - ANS ✔✔people with
high self-esteem
