Critical Care Paramedic Exam
questions well answered
7.35-7.45 - ANS ✔✔Normal pH
35-45 - ANS ✔✔Normal CO2
22-26 (good dating age) - ANS ✔✔Normal HCO3
80-100 - ANS ✔✔Normal PaO2
> 95% - ANS ✔✔Normal SaO2
(-2) - (+2) - ANS ✔✔Base (deficit/excess)
seconds - ANS ✔✔Buffer systems: Bicarb reaction time
minutes - ANS ✔✔Buffer systems: Lungs reaction time
hours to days - ANS ✔✔Buffer systems: Kidneys reaction time
Tidal volume x respiratory rate - ANS ✔✔Minute volume calculation
acidotic - ANS ✔✔pCO2 >45
,alkalotic - ANS ✔✔pCO2 <35
acidotic - ANS ✔✔HCO3 <22
alkalotic - ANS ✔✔HCO3 >26
indicator for the potential need for blood transfusion - ANS ✔✔base deficit of < -4
indicates poor outcome (death likely) - ANS ✔✔base deficit of < -19
0.1 x (-BE) x patient weight in kg = bicarb needed - ANS ✔✔base deficit replacement formula
90% - ANS ✔✔PO2 of 60 is roughly equivalent to a SaO2 of
< 7.2 - ANS ✔✔critical pH for intubation
> 55 - ANS ✔✔critical pCO2 for intubation
< 60 - ANS ✔✔critical pO2 for intubation
lactic acidosis (lactate > 4) - ANS ✔✔number one cause of metabolic acidosis
metabolism - ANS ✔✔CO2 is a byproduct of
10, 0.08, opposite - ANS ✔✔for every __ change in ETCO2, you should expect the pH to change
__ in the ___________ direction.
,0.15, 10, same - ANS ✔✔for every __ change in pH, you should expect the HCO3 to change __ in
the ___________ direction.
0.10, 0.6, opposite - ANS ✔✔for every __ change in pH, you should expect the potassium to
change __ in the ___________ direction.
difficult intubation
look, evaluate (3-3-2), mallampati, obstructions, neck mobility - ANS ✔✔LEMON
difficult intubation
Hypoxia, extremes of size, anatomic challenges, vomit/blood/fluid, exsanguination, neck
mobility issues - ANS ✔✔HEAVEN
ear to sternal notch - ANS ✔✔ramping
decrease in functional reserve capacity, tidal volume, and preload - ANS ✔✔without ramping
during intubation or transport causes a potential for
no longer recommended - ANS ✔✔Sellick's maneuver and BURP
current standard of practice - ANS ✔✔External laryngeal manipulation (ELM)
15 Fr - ANS ✔✔bougie adult size
10 Fr - ANS ✔✔bougie pediatric size
, 6 Fr - ANS ✔✔bougie neonatal size
provide little protection against aspiration - ANS ✔✔supraglottic devices
20-30 mmHg (25 is standard) - ANS ✔✔ETT cuff pressure
chest X-Ray - ANS ✔✔gold standard of confirming ET placement
2-3 cm (1 inch) above carina, at T3 or T4 - ANS ✔✔distal tip of ET
preparation, preoxygenation, pretreatment, paralysis with induction, protect/position,
placement (with proof), post intubation management - ANS ✔✔7 p's for RSI success
pretreatment for RSI
lidocaine, opiates, atropine (infants), defasiculating dose - ANS ✔✔LOAD
1 mcg/kg - ANS ✔✔fentanyl adult dose
3-5 mins - ANS ✔✔fentanyl onset
0.5 - 1.5 mcg/kg every 5 minutes - ANS ✔✔fentanyl post intubation management
1-3 mcg/kg/hour - ANS ✔✔fentanyl post intubation management infusion
narcan - ANS ✔✔fentanyl reversal agent
questions well answered
7.35-7.45 - ANS ✔✔Normal pH
35-45 - ANS ✔✔Normal CO2
22-26 (good dating age) - ANS ✔✔Normal HCO3
80-100 - ANS ✔✔Normal PaO2
> 95% - ANS ✔✔Normal SaO2
(-2) - (+2) - ANS ✔✔Base (deficit/excess)
seconds - ANS ✔✔Buffer systems: Bicarb reaction time
minutes - ANS ✔✔Buffer systems: Lungs reaction time
hours to days - ANS ✔✔Buffer systems: Kidneys reaction time
Tidal volume x respiratory rate - ANS ✔✔Minute volume calculation
acidotic - ANS ✔✔pCO2 >45
,alkalotic - ANS ✔✔pCO2 <35
acidotic - ANS ✔✔HCO3 <22
alkalotic - ANS ✔✔HCO3 >26
indicator for the potential need for blood transfusion - ANS ✔✔base deficit of < -4
indicates poor outcome (death likely) - ANS ✔✔base deficit of < -19
0.1 x (-BE) x patient weight in kg = bicarb needed - ANS ✔✔base deficit replacement formula
90% - ANS ✔✔PO2 of 60 is roughly equivalent to a SaO2 of
< 7.2 - ANS ✔✔critical pH for intubation
> 55 - ANS ✔✔critical pCO2 for intubation
< 60 - ANS ✔✔critical pO2 for intubation
lactic acidosis (lactate > 4) - ANS ✔✔number one cause of metabolic acidosis
metabolism - ANS ✔✔CO2 is a byproduct of
10, 0.08, opposite - ANS ✔✔for every __ change in ETCO2, you should expect the pH to change
__ in the ___________ direction.
,0.15, 10, same - ANS ✔✔for every __ change in pH, you should expect the HCO3 to change __ in
the ___________ direction.
0.10, 0.6, opposite - ANS ✔✔for every __ change in pH, you should expect the potassium to
change __ in the ___________ direction.
difficult intubation
look, evaluate (3-3-2), mallampati, obstructions, neck mobility - ANS ✔✔LEMON
difficult intubation
Hypoxia, extremes of size, anatomic challenges, vomit/blood/fluid, exsanguination, neck
mobility issues - ANS ✔✔HEAVEN
ear to sternal notch - ANS ✔✔ramping
decrease in functional reserve capacity, tidal volume, and preload - ANS ✔✔without ramping
during intubation or transport causes a potential for
no longer recommended - ANS ✔✔Sellick's maneuver and BURP
current standard of practice - ANS ✔✔External laryngeal manipulation (ELM)
15 Fr - ANS ✔✔bougie adult size
10 Fr - ANS ✔✔bougie pediatric size
, 6 Fr - ANS ✔✔bougie neonatal size
provide little protection against aspiration - ANS ✔✔supraglottic devices
20-30 mmHg (25 is standard) - ANS ✔✔ETT cuff pressure
chest X-Ray - ANS ✔✔gold standard of confirming ET placement
2-3 cm (1 inch) above carina, at T3 or T4 - ANS ✔✔distal tip of ET
preparation, preoxygenation, pretreatment, paralysis with induction, protect/position,
placement (with proof), post intubation management - ANS ✔✔7 p's for RSI success
pretreatment for RSI
lidocaine, opiates, atropine (infants), defasiculating dose - ANS ✔✔LOAD
1 mcg/kg - ANS ✔✔fentanyl adult dose
3-5 mins - ANS ✔✔fentanyl onset
0.5 - 1.5 mcg/kg every 5 minutes - ANS ✔✔fentanyl post intubation management
1-3 mcg/kg/hour - ANS ✔✔fentanyl post intubation management infusion
narcan - ANS ✔✔fentanyl reversal agent
