PATH 1000 MIDTERM 1 EXAM QUESTIONS WITH 100% CORRECT ANSWERS LATEST VERSION 2025/2026.

PATH 1000 MIDTERM 1 EXAM
QUESTIONS WITH 100% CORRECT
ANSWERS LATEST VERSION 2025/2026.




Pathophysiology - ANS the study of changes in the body's physiology that result from
disorder or disease



Pathogenesis - ANS the development of a disease



Clinical Manifestations - ANS the presence or absence of disease often marked by signs and
symptoms



Diagnosis - ANS identifying the type of illness or problem by examination of the symptoms



Etiology - ANS the cause of a disease or condition



Idiopathic - ANS unknown cause of a disease



Iatrogenic - ANS disease caused by a treatment or procedure error




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,Epidemiology - ANS study of the distribution and determinants of health-related or events in
a population



Incidence - ANS rate of occurrence



Ex: number of new cases of a disease in a population over a specific period of time (1 in 3 may
catch a disease)



Prevalence - ANS the number of people in a population who have the disease or condition
over a specific time period



Ex: 1 in 10 have the disease



Endemic - ANS the expected or normal incidence to a population or geographical area



Ex: chicken pox



Epidemic - ANS dramatic increase in a condition to a large number of people at the same
time in a geographical area



Pandemic - ANS high numbers of a disease in various regions/across continents



Morbidity - ANS disease rates within a group



Mortality - ANS deaths that result from a particular disease in a population



Ex: death rate due to TB
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,Hypoxic Injury - ANS most common cause of cellular injury resulting in Ischemia (reduced
blood supply



Homeostasis - ANS the body's ability to regulate and maintain health and equilibrium in its
functions



How is homeostasis linked to pathophysiology? - ANS a small change to the internal body
throws homeostasis out of order, which will lead to illness and diseases



Prognosis - ANS probable outcome of a patient's conditon



Sign - ANS a clinical finding verified by the examiner



Primary Disease Prevention - ANS altering behaviours to prevent a disease from occurring



Ex: vaccination



Secondary Disease Prevention - ANS performing early detection to prevent a disease from
occurring



Ex: medical examinations



Complications - ANS the development of a disease in a person already coping with an existing
disorder



Ex: secondary bacterial infection

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, Sequelae - ANS unwanted outcomes of a primary condition



Ex: ototoxic drugs causing deafness



Eight Chief Cellular Function - ANS 1. Movement - muscle to bone causes movement

2. Conductivity - electric response to stimuli

3. Metabolic Absorption - taking and using nutrients

4. Secretion - mucus

5. Excretion - getting rid of waste

6. Respiration - taking in O2 for nutrients

7. Reproduction - tissue growth

8. Communication



Four Ways Cells Adapt to Environment - ANS 1. Atrophy - decrease in cellular size and
functional components (aging, early development)

2. Hypertrophy - increase in the size of a cell in response to a mechanical stimuli

3. Hyperplasia - the increase in the number of cells due to increased cellular division

- Compensatory Hyperplasia: an adaptive mechanism that enables certain organs to regenerate

- Hormonal Hyperplasia: enlargement of estrogen dependent organs (breasts/uterus)

4. Metaplasia - reversible replacement of one mature cell type by another less mature cell type
(ex: smoking causes changes to lung cells)



Dysplasia - ANS abnormal changes in the size, shape and organization of mature cells (not
considered a true adaptive process)




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