NR - 602 MIDTERM STUDY GUIDE
Presumptive Signs of Pregnancy - Answer -Amenorrhea, N&V, breast tenderness or
changes, deepening pigmentation, urinary frequency, fatigue, increased basal body
temperature, and quickening (at 16 weeks).
Probable Signs of Pregnancy - Answer -Goodell's sign (cervical softening at 4wk),
Chadwick's sign (blue color of vagina & cervix at 6-8 wk), enlarged uterus, (+) urine or
blood pregnancy test.
Positive Signs of Pregnancy - Answer -Palpation of fetus, ultrasound visualization of
fetus, and fetal heart tones.
12 week Fundal Height - Answer -The fundus should be at the level of the symphysis
pubis
16 week Fundal Height - Answer -The fundus should be between the symphysis pubis
and umbilicus
20 week Fundal Height - Answer -The fundus should be at the level of the umbillicus
25-35 week Fundal Height - Answer -The fundus should measure from the symphysis
pubis and correlate with with gestational week (+/- 2 cm)
Naegele's Rule - Answer -Add 7 days to LMP, subtract 3 months, add 1 year; Used to
calculate due date
Tier 1 Birth Control - Answer -Fail rate <1%; IUD, DMPA (Depo), Progestin implant,
sterilization
Tier 2 Birth Control - Answer -Fail rate 2-3%; OCP, COC's, transdermals, cervical ring.
Tier 3 Birth Control - Answer -Fail rate roughly 20%; Barrier methods, can protect
against STIs
Caldwell-Moloy Classification - Answer -Four basic pelvic types: gynecoid, android,
anthropoid, and platypelloid
FSH - Answer -Gonadotrophin: targets the ovaries, where it stimulates the growth and
development of the primary follicles and results in the production of estrogen and
progesterone.
LH - Answer -Gonadotrophin: targets the developing follicle within the ovary; it is
responsible for ovulation, corpus luteum formation, and hormone production in the
ovaries.
, Hypothalamus - Answer -Releases gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) in a
pulsatile manner to initiate negative feedback system. Stimulates gonadotrophins-
>FSH&LH release-> Estrogen/Progesterone release-> Pituitary gland notes
Estrogen/Progesterone levels and regulates the cycle by altering further FSH/LH
release.
Ovarian Cycle - Answer -The 28 days of the menstrual cycle as they apply to events in
the ovary. The ovarian cycle has three subphases: the follicular phase, ovulation, and
the luteal phase.
Follicular Phase - Answer -The first phase of the ovarian cycle, during which a follicle
(an oocyte and its surroudning cells) enlarges and matures. This phase is under the
control of FSH from the anterior pituitary, and typically lasts from day 1 to day 14 of the
menstrual cycle. The follicle secretes estrogen during this time period.
Ovulatory Phase - Answer -The second stage of the general menstrual cycle, when the
mature ovum is released. Approximately 10 to 12 hours after the LH peak
Luteal Phase - Answer -The third phase of the ovarian cycle, during which a corpus
luteum is formed from the remnants of the follicle that has ovulated its oocyte. The
corpus luteum secretes progestrone and estrogen during this time period, which
typically lasts from day 15 to day 28 of the menstrual cycle. Formation of the corpul
luteum is triggered by the same LH surge that triggers ovulation, however in the
absence of LH (levels quickly decline after the surge) the corpus luteum begins to
degenerate.
Endometrial Cycle - Answer -The 28 days of the menstrual cycle as they apply to the
events in the uterus. The endometrial cycle is also known as the uterine cycle, and has
the three subphases: menstruation, the proliferative phase, and the secretory phase.
Menstruation phase - Answer -Decline in progesterone levels causes functional layer of
endometrium to discharge resulting in vaginal bleeding called menstruation. This marks
the end of one cycle and the beginning of the next cycle.
Begins with the initiation of menses and lasts 4 to 6 days
Proliferative phase - Answer -The second phase of the uterine (endometrial) cycle,
during which the endometrium is "rebuilt". This phase of the cycle is under the control of
estrogen, secreted from the follicle developing in the ovary during this time period.
Typically lasts from day 6 to day 14 of the menstrual cycle.
Secretory phase - Answer -The third phase of the endometrial cycle, during which the
"rebuilt" endometrium is enhanced with glycogen and lipid stores. Primarily under the
control of progestone and estrogen (secreted from the corpus luteum during this time
period);typically lasts from day 15 to day 28 of the menstrual cycle.
Presumptive Signs of Pregnancy - Answer -Amenorrhea, N&V, breast tenderness or
changes, deepening pigmentation, urinary frequency, fatigue, increased basal body
temperature, and quickening (at 16 weeks).
Probable Signs of Pregnancy - Answer -Goodell's sign (cervical softening at 4wk),
Chadwick's sign (blue color of vagina & cervix at 6-8 wk), enlarged uterus, (+) urine or
blood pregnancy test.
Positive Signs of Pregnancy - Answer -Palpation of fetus, ultrasound visualization of
fetus, and fetal heart tones.
12 week Fundal Height - Answer -The fundus should be at the level of the symphysis
pubis
16 week Fundal Height - Answer -The fundus should be between the symphysis pubis
and umbilicus
20 week Fundal Height - Answer -The fundus should be at the level of the umbillicus
25-35 week Fundal Height - Answer -The fundus should measure from the symphysis
pubis and correlate with with gestational week (+/- 2 cm)
Naegele's Rule - Answer -Add 7 days to LMP, subtract 3 months, add 1 year; Used to
calculate due date
Tier 1 Birth Control - Answer -Fail rate <1%; IUD, DMPA (Depo), Progestin implant,
sterilization
Tier 2 Birth Control - Answer -Fail rate 2-3%; OCP, COC's, transdermals, cervical ring.
Tier 3 Birth Control - Answer -Fail rate roughly 20%; Barrier methods, can protect
against STIs
Caldwell-Moloy Classification - Answer -Four basic pelvic types: gynecoid, android,
anthropoid, and platypelloid
FSH - Answer -Gonadotrophin: targets the ovaries, where it stimulates the growth and
development of the primary follicles and results in the production of estrogen and
progesterone.
LH - Answer -Gonadotrophin: targets the developing follicle within the ovary; it is
responsible for ovulation, corpus luteum formation, and hormone production in the
ovaries.
, Hypothalamus - Answer -Releases gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) in a
pulsatile manner to initiate negative feedback system. Stimulates gonadotrophins-
>FSH&LH release-> Estrogen/Progesterone release-> Pituitary gland notes
Estrogen/Progesterone levels and regulates the cycle by altering further FSH/LH
release.
Ovarian Cycle - Answer -The 28 days of the menstrual cycle as they apply to events in
the ovary. The ovarian cycle has three subphases: the follicular phase, ovulation, and
the luteal phase.
Follicular Phase - Answer -The first phase of the ovarian cycle, during which a follicle
(an oocyte and its surroudning cells) enlarges and matures. This phase is under the
control of FSH from the anterior pituitary, and typically lasts from day 1 to day 14 of the
menstrual cycle. The follicle secretes estrogen during this time period.
Ovulatory Phase - Answer -The second stage of the general menstrual cycle, when the
mature ovum is released. Approximately 10 to 12 hours after the LH peak
Luteal Phase - Answer -The third phase of the ovarian cycle, during which a corpus
luteum is formed from the remnants of the follicle that has ovulated its oocyte. The
corpus luteum secretes progestrone and estrogen during this time period, which
typically lasts from day 15 to day 28 of the menstrual cycle. Formation of the corpul
luteum is triggered by the same LH surge that triggers ovulation, however in the
absence of LH (levels quickly decline after the surge) the corpus luteum begins to
degenerate.
Endometrial Cycle - Answer -The 28 days of the menstrual cycle as they apply to the
events in the uterus. The endometrial cycle is also known as the uterine cycle, and has
the three subphases: menstruation, the proliferative phase, and the secretory phase.
Menstruation phase - Answer -Decline in progesterone levels causes functional layer of
endometrium to discharge resulting in vaginal bleeding called menstruation. This marks
the end of one cycle and the beginning of the next cycle.
Begins with the initiation of menses and lasts 4 to 6 days
Proliferative phase - Answer -The second phase of the uterine (endometrial) cycle,
during which the endometrium is "rebuilt". This phase of the cycle is under the control of
estrogen, secreted from the follicle developing in the ovary during this time period.
Typically lasts from day 6 to day 14 of the menstrual cycle.
Secretory phase - Answer -The third phase of the endometrial cycle, during which the
"rebuilt" endometrium is enhanced with glycogen and lipid stores. Primarily under the
control of progestone and estrogen (secreted from the corpus luteum during this time
period);typically lasts from day 15 to day 28 of the menstrual cycle.
