Urinalysis EXAM COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS | ALREADY PASSED | 2025 LATEST!!

Urinalysis EXAM COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS | ALREADY PASSED | 2025 LATEST!! Freshly voided urine smells________. - Answer- slightly aromatic Since urine contains dissolved solutes, it has ________ specific gravity than (as) water. - Answer- higher Customary specific gravity for urine ranges from ___ to ___ - Answer- 1.001 - 1.030 Normal constituents of urine include ________. - Answer- Largest component of urine? - Answer- water - makes up 95% of its volume 2nd largest component of urine? - Answer- urea Urea comes from ____ - Answer- the breakdown of proteins Uric acid is ____ - Answer- a breakdown product from nucleic acids Creatinine is ___ - Answer- a metabolite produced from metabolism of creatine phosphate in muscle tissue Normal solute constituents of urine in decreasing concentration: - Answer- urea sodium potassium phosphate sulfate ions creatinine uric acid Much smaller but highly variable amounts of calcium, magnesium, and bicarbonate ions are also found in urine. Normal yellow color of urine is due to ____ - Answer- urochrome ________ indicates the presence of white blood cells or other pus constituents in the urine. - Answer- Pyuria - results in UTI's or gonorrhea ________ always indicate(s) kidney pathology, whereas ________ may be present normally in small amounts. - Answer- casts, crystals Presence of white blood cells or pus in urine due to inflammation of the urinary tract is called ________. - Answer- pyuria Kidney stones are also known as renal ________. - Answer- calculi The urine sample that you are testing has an abnormally low pH. Its pH was ________. - Answer- below 4.5 The pH of urine ranges from ___ to ___ - Answer- 4.5 to 8.0 affected by diet Average pH value of urine = - Answer- 6.0 (slightly acidic) Glycosuria is characteristic of ________. - Answer- uncontrolled diabetes mellitus or excessive carbohydrate intake Pathological conditions that cause albuminuria include ________. - Answer- hypertension, glomerulonephritis, ingestion of poisins, bacterial toxins, kidney trauma Hyaline casts are formed when ________. - Answer- filtrate flow rate is slow pH is low salt conc. is high = these are all conditions that cause protein to denature Ketonuria usually indicates abnormal metabolic processes that may be due to ________. - Answer- uncontrolled diabetes mellitus, starvation, low-carb diets Which of the following is present in normal urine? bilirubin urobilinogen nitrites albumin - Answer- urobilinogen Which of the following may cause hemoglobin to appear in the urine? - Answer- hemolytic anemia, transfusion reactions, severe burns, poisonous snake bites, renal disease __________, like other blood proteins, is/are too large to pass through the glomerular filtration membrane and is/are normally NOT found in urine. - Answer- Albumin Name abnormal urinary constituents - Answer- glucose, protein - albumin, ketone bodies, RBC's, hemoglobin, nitrites, bile pigments - bilirubin, WBC's