BIOS 251 Week 1 & 2 Exam Review 2025 | Human Anatomy & Physiology I Complete Study Guide

BIOS 251 Week 1 & 2 Exam Review | Human
Anatomy & Physiology I | Complete Study
Guide 2025

Anatomy

THE study of body structure

Physiology

THE study of body function

Describe THE position a patient needs to be in anatomical position.

- body is erect
- feet is slightly apart
- palms facing forward, thumbs pointing away from body.

Superior

Above

ex: THE heart is superior to THE diaphragm

Inferior

Below

ex: THE liver is inferior to THE diaphragm.

Anterior

(infront) towards THE ventral side

ex: THE sternum is anterior to THE heart

Posterior

(back) towards THE dorsal side

ex: THE esophagus is posterior to THE trachea.

Medial

toward THE center/towards THE midline/toward THE median plane

, ex: THE heart is medial to THE lungs

Lateral

away from THE center/away from THE midline/away from THE median plane

ex: THE eyes are lateral to THE nose.

Proximal

Closer to THE point of attachment

ex: THE elbow is proximal to THE wrist

Distal

away from THE point of attachment

ex: THE fingernails are at THE distal ends of THE finger.

Superficial

near THE surface/closer to THE body surface

ex: THE skin is superficial to THE muscle

Deep

away from THE surface/farTHEr from THE body surface

ex: THE bones are deep to THE muscles.

Cephalic

toward THE head/pertaining to head

ex: THE cephalic end of THE embryonic neural tube develops into THE brain.

Contralaterlal

on THE opposite side of THE body

ex: THE spleen is contralateral to THE liver.

Ventral

toward THE front or belly

ex: THE aorta is ventral to THE vertebral column

Dorsal

toward THE back or spine

ex: THE vertebral column is dorsal to THE aorta.

Ispilateral