[BIOL.1412] NERVOUS SYSTEM LAB
EXAM QUESTIONS WITH 100%
CORRECT ANSWERS LATEST VERSION
2025/2026.
Sensory neurons - ANS carry information to the CNS
interneurons - ANS pass signals from one neuron to another
where are interneurons? - ANS in the CNS
motor neurons - ANS send signals to cells in glands/muscles to bring about a physiological
change
nerves - ANS strands of nervous tissue consisting of long motor & sensory neurons bundled
together
reflex. explain how it works. - ANS involuntary response to an environmental stimulus
Occurs when sensory neurons send info to the spinal cord, where interneurons in the spinal
cord send info quickly out to the replay neurons. This all happens before your brain becomes
aware.
1 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
, Anatomy of neuron
Soma, Dendrites, Axon, Synapse - ANS Soma = cell body including the nucleus
Dendrites = branched projections off the cell body that receive signals from other neurons
Axons = long projections off the end of the axon that send signals to the next neuron
Synapse: the junction where neurons connect to each other
Explain what a membrane potential is - ANS An electrical potential that exists across a plasma
membrane.
It is measured in mV and is always expressed in terms of outside relative to inside, where
outside is 0. (e.g. a potential of -54 means there is a -54 charge inside and 0 outside)
Explain the concentration of ions that causes a membrane potential to be negative (dont list
specific ions, just explain their charges) - ANS More negative potential = there are more
negatively charged ions inside the membrane OR/AKA there are fewer positively charged ions
on the inside
Electrochemical gradient - ANS the combo of an electrical gradient and concentration
gradient
Resting potential - ANS the resting difference in charge across the membrane when the
neuron is not communicating
Describe the concentration of ions at rest - ANS Inside = high K+
Outside = high Na+
2 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
EXAM QUESTIONS WITH 100%
CORRECT ANSWERS LATEST VERSION
2025/2026.
Sensory neurons - ANS carry information to the CNS
interneurons - ANS pass signals from one neuron to another
where are interneurons? - ANS in the CNS
motor neurons - ANS send signals to cells in glands/muscles to bring about a physiological
change
nerves - ANS strands of nervous tissue consisting of long motor & sensory neurons bundled
together
reflex. explain how it works. - ANS involuntary response to an environmental stimulus
Occurs when sensory neurons send info to the spinal cord, where interneurons in the spinal
cord send info quickly out to the replay neurons. This all happens before your brain becomes
aware.
1 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
, Anatomy of neuron
Soma, Dendrites, Axon, Synapse - ANS Soma = cell body including the nucleus
Dendrites = branched projections off the cell body that receive signals from other neurons
Axons = long projections off the end of the axon that send signals to the next neuron
Synapse: the junction where neurons connect to each other
Explain what a membrane potential is - ANS An electrical potential that exists across a plasma
membrane.
It is measured in mV and is always expressed in terms of outside relative to inside, where
outside is 0. (e.g. a potential of -54 means there is a -54 charge inside and 0 outside)
Explain the concentration of ions that causes a membrane potential to be negative (dont list
specific ions, just explain their charges) - ANS More negative potential = there are more
negatively charged ions inside the membrane OR/AKA there are fewer positively charged ions
on the inside
Electrochemical gradient - ANS the combo of an electrical gradient and concentration
gradient
Resting potential - ANS the resting difference in charge across the membrane when the
neuron is not communicating
Describe the concentration of ions at rest - ANS Inside = high K+
Outside = high Na+
2 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
