RAD 200 - Final
Newest Version 2025/2026
1. What is the function of the Alimentary Tract? How far does it extend? And what organs makes
up the Alimentary tract? - ANSWER-
• Major portion of the GI system
• Serves to digest and absorb food
• Extends from mouth to the anus
• Mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small bowel, large bowel and rectum
2. Give 3 facts about the esophagus from this lecture (review) - ANSWER-
• Esophagus
• 10-12 inches long
• Extends from the posterior pharynx to the stomach
• Enters stomach at the gastroesophageal junction
3. Give 3 facts about the small bowel from this lecture - ANSWER-
• Duodenum, jejunum and Ileum
• Arises from the stomach at the duodenal bulb and courses to the ileocecal valve
• Over 21 feet
4. What is the course of the large bowel? **be able to write this list - ANSWER-
• Cecum
• Orifices for the terminal ileum and the appendix,
• Ascending colon and hepatic flexure,
• Transverse colon and splenic flexure,
• Descending colon,
• Sigmoid,
• Rectum
• Anus
5. What are 5 possibilities of evaluation when a KUB is ordered? **know this list - ANSWER-
• Vascular and other types of calcifications
• Soft tissue trauma
• Preliminary radiograph for other procedures
• R/O bowel obs and perfs
• Tube placement
6. What type of contrast is used in a fluoroscopic exam? - ANSWER-
• Fluoroscopic exams require positive and negative contrast agents for visualization
• Barium unless perf then gastrogaffin
• Air
,7. Be able to label Kidney, Vena Cava, Descending Aorta, liver, spine, small intestine (will make
obvious), spleen, stomach - ANSWER- Given diagram
8. What can aspiration of gastrografin lead to? - ANSWER-• leads to pulmonary edema,
pneumonitis or death
9. What four reasons an Upper GI is performed - ANSWER-
• Stomach contour
• Position of the stomach/intestines
• Rugae folds
• Peristaltic changes as stomach fills and empties
10. What is demonstrated in fluoro upper GI: - ANSWER-
• PA supine: entire stomach and duodenal bulb
• RAO: Pyloric canal and duodenal bulb
• Rt lateral: Duodenal bulb, duodenal loop and retro gastric space
• LPO: gastric fundus
11. In a small bowel series, why is barium used? - ANSWER-GI motility and abnormalities
12. At what point during a small bowel exam is it considered complete? - ANSWER-When it
reaches the ileocecal valve
13. What three reasons is a barium enema performed? - ANSWER-Demos abnormalities,
intraluminal neoplasms and mucosal lining
14. Define Enterostomy - ANSWER-• stoma created on the abdominal wall to allow drainage of
bowel contents into a closed pouch hung outside of the body
15. Define Colostomy- and two examples of placement - ANSWER-
• stoma from the colon
• Placed in sigmoid or descending colon due to rectal or colon CA
• Placed in the transverse or ascending colon are for diversion of flow of colonic contents
(temporary)
16. Define Ileostomy- Why is it placed? - ANSWER-• stoma from the ileum
• Placed for ulcerative colitis
17. Define Jejunostomy/Duodenostomy- Why is it placed? - ANSWER-
• stoma from the jejunum or duodenum
• Placed for loss of electrolytes while patient requires parenteral nutrition
18. What three reasons would a CT be ordered for the GI system (in general) - ANSWER-
• When a bowel obstruction is suspected
• Staging GI malignancies
, • Dx Inflammatory conditions
19. What three reasons would a CT colon be performed (specifically) - ANSWER-
• Neoplastic disease
• Diverticulitis
• Appendicitis
20. Is CT used for determining radiation therapy protocols? - ANSWER-Yes
21. What are the three reasons for Gastric Tubes? - ANSWER-Aspiration of gastric contents to
help control nausea
Decompression and removal of gastric contents due to bowel dysfunction or surgery
Nutritional support or medication
22. What is a Levin tube? Know how to identify on an Xray - ANSWER-Most common NG tube
Single lumen tube seen on an Xray
23. What is a Duboff tube used for? Know how to identify on an Xray - ANSWER-Delivers
nutrition directly to the duodenum or jejunum
24. Define Atresia - ANSWER-Congenital absence or closure of a normal body orifice or tubular
organ
25. What is Esophageal atresia and how is it seen? - ANSWER-
• Congenital anomaly (4th-6th week of gestation)
• Esophagus fails to develop past a certain point
• Seen with contrast with an NG tube on a CXR as a pouching and inability to pass through to
the stomach
26. What are three facts about ileal atresia? - ANSWER-
a. Congenital
b. Discontinuation of the ileum (most common)
c. Identified a few days post birth
27. What is duodenal atresia? And how is it identified? (know this film) – ANSWER
-a. Lumen of the duodenum doesn't exist resulting in complete obstruction of the GI tract at the
duodenum
b. Identified with US in womb or post birth with 'double bubble" sign
28. What creates the second bubble in the double bubble sign? - ANSWER-Gas in the proximal
duodenum
29. What is colonic atresia? What forms because of it? - ANSWER-
a. Failure of development of the distal rectum and anus
b. Fistula forms to the genitourinary system
Newest Version 2025/2026
1. What is the function of the Alimentary Tract? How far does it extend? And what organs makes
up the Alimentary tract? - ANSWER-
• Major portion of the GI system
• Serves to digest and absorb food
• Extends from mouth to the anus
• Mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small bowel, large bowel and rectum
2. Give 3 facts about the esophagus from this lecture (review) - ANSWER-
• Esophagus
• 10-12 inches long
• Extends from the posterior pharynx to the stomach
• Enters stomach at the gastroesophageal junction
3. Give 3 facts about the small bowel from this lecture - ANSWER-
• Duodenum, jejunum and Ileum
• Arises from the stomach at the duodenal bulb and courses to the ileocecal valve
• Over 21 feet
4. What is the course of the large bowel? **be able to write this list - ANSWER-
• Cecum
• Orifices for the terminal ileum and the appendix,
• Ascending colon and hepatic flexure,
• Transverse colon and splenic flexure,
• Descending colon,
• Sigmoid,
• Rectum
• Anus
5. What are 5 possibilities of evaluation when a KUB is ordered? **know this list - ANSWER-
• Vascular and other types of calcifications
• Soft tissue trauma
• Preliminary radiograph for other procedures
• R/O bowel obs and perfs
• Tube placement
6. What type of contrast is used in a fluoroscopic exam? - ANSWER-
• Fluoroscopic exams require positive and negative contrast agents for visualization
• Barium unless perf then gastrogaffin
• Air
,7. Be able to label Kidney, Vena Cava, Descending Aorta, liver, spine, small intestine (will make
obvious), spleen, stomach - ANSWER- Given diagram
8. What can aspiration of gastrografin lead to? - ANSWER-• leads to pulmonary edema,
pneumonitis or death
9. What four reasons an Upper GI is performed - ANSWER-
• Stomach contour
• Position of the stomach/intestines
• Rugae folds
• Peristaltic changes as stomach fills and empties
10. What is demonstrated in fluoro upper GI: - ANSWER-
• PA supine: entire stomach and duodenal bulb
• RAO: Pyloric canal and duodenal bulb
• Rt lateral: Duodenal bulb, duodenal loop and retro gastric space
• LPO: gastric fundus
11. In a small bowel series, why is barium used? - ANSWER-GI motility and abnormalities
12. At what point during a small bowel exam is it considered complete? - ANSWER-When it
reaches the ileocecal valve
13. What three reasons is a barium enema performed? - ANSWER-Demos abnormalities,
intraluminal neoplasms and mucosal lining
14. Define Enterostomy - ANSWER-• stoma created on the abdominal wall to allow drainage of
bowel contents into a closed pouch hung outside of the body
15. Define Colostomy- and two examples of placement - ANSWER-
• stoma from the colon
• Placed in sigmoid or descending colon due to rectal or colon CA
• Placed in the transverse or ascending colon are for diversion of flow of colonic contents
(temporary)
16. Define Ileostomy- Why is it placed? - ANSWER-• stoma from the ileum
• Placed for ulcerative colitis
17. Define Jejunostomy/Duodenostomy- Why is it placed? - ANSWER-
• stoma from the jejunum or duodenum
• Placed for loss of electrolytes while patient requires parenteral nutrition
18. What three reasons would a CT be ordered for the GI system (in general) - ANSWER-
• When a bowel obstruction is suspected
• Staging GI malignancies
, • Dx Inflammatory conditions
19. What three reasons would a CT colon be performed (specifically) - ANSWER-
• Neoplastic disease
• Diverticulitis
• Appendicitis
20. Is CT used for determining radiation therapy protocols? - ANSWER-Yes
21. What are the three reasons for Gastric Tubes? - ANSWER-Aspiration of gastric contents to
help control nausea
Decompression and removal of gastric contents due to bowel dysfunction or surgery
Nutritional support or medication
22. What is a Levin tube? Know how to identify on an Xray - ANSWER-Most common NG tube
Single lumen tube seen on an Xray
23. What is a Duboff tube used for? Know how to identify on an Xray - ANSWER-Delivers
nutrition directly to the duodenum or jejunum
24. Define Atresia - ANSWER-Congenital absence or closure of a normal body orifice or tubular
organ
25. What is Esophageal atresia and how is it seen? - ANSWER-
• Congenital anomaly (4th-6th week of gestation)
• Esophagus fails to develop past a certain point
• Seen with contrast with an NG tube on a CXR as a pouching and inability to pass through to
the stomach
26. What are three facts about ileal atresia? - ANSWER-
a. Congenital
b. Discontinuation of the ileum (most common)
c. Identified a few days post birth
27. What is duodenal atresia? And how is it identified? (know this film) – ANSWER
-a. Lumen of the duodenum doesn't exist resulting in complete obstruction of the GI tract at the
duodenum
b. Identified with US in womb or post birth with 'double bubble" sign
28. What creates the second bubble in the double bubble sign? - ANSWER-Gas in the proximal
duodenum
29. What is colonic atresia? What forms because of it? - ANSWER-
a. Failure of development of the distal rectum and anus
b. Fistula forms to the genitourinary system
