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Pathophysiology Exam 1 Rasmussen
Questions and Correct Answers
passive immunity Ans: Transfer of performed antibodies against
a specific antigen from protected or immunized individual to an
unprotected or non-immunized individual
Examples of passive immunity Ans: IgA in breast milk, maternal
IgG crossing placenta, antitoxin, serotherapy (direct injection of
antibodies)
Potassium Value normal range( intercellular cation) Ans: 3.5-5.0
mEq/L
Sodium value normal range (major cation of extracellular fluid)
Ans: 135-145 mEq/L
Calcium value normal range Ans: 9-11 mg/dL OR 4.5-5.5 mEq/L
Phosphate value normal range Ans: 2.5-4.5 mg/dL
Magnesium value normal range Ans: 1.5-2.5 mEq/L
Bicarbonate value normal range (second most abundant anion in
blood) Ans: 23-30 mEq/L
Condition of low potassium < 3.5 mEq/L Ans: hypokalemia
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Condition of high potassium >5 mEq/L Ans: Hyperkalemia
Condition of sodium < 135 mEq/L Ans: hyponatremia /
hypernatremia
Condition of high sodium>145 mEq/L Ans: hypernatremia
condition of low phosphate < 2.5 mg/dL Ans: hypophophatemia
Condition of high phosphate > 4.5 mg/dL Ans:
Hyperphosphatemia
Condition of low chloride <96 mEq/L Ans: hypochloremia
Condition of high chloride > 106 mEq/L Ans: Hyperchloremia
Condition of low magnesium <1.5 mEq/L Ans: hypomagnesemia
Condition of high magnesium >2.5 mEq/L Ans: Hypermagesemia
condition of low calcium< 9mg/dL Ans: hypocalcemia
condition of high calcium > 11mg/dL Ans: hypercalcemia
Pathophysiology Ans: the study of abnormalities in physiologic
functioning of living beings
Pathology Ans: the study and diagnosis of disease through
examination of organs, tissues, cells, and bodily fluids
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Etiology Ans: The study of the causes and origins of disease
4 topics of pathophysiology Ans: etiology, pathogenesis, clinical
manifestations, treatment
pathogenesis Ans: development or evolution of a disease
clinical manifestation Ans: signs and symptoms or evidence of
disease
exacerbation Ans: a relatively sudden increase in the severity of a
disease or any of its signs and symptom
remission Ans: decline in severity of symptoms
sequela Ans: a disorder or condition usually resulting from a
previous disease or injury
acute Ans: sudden onset and short duration
chronic Ans: long term
Primary level of prevention Ans: altering susceptibility; reducing
exposure for susceptible persons
Example of primary prevention Ans: Immunization, health/sex ed,
quit smoking drinking or poor diet.
© 2025 All rights reserved
Pathophysiology Exam 1 Rasmussen
Questions and Correct Answers
passive immunity Ans: Transfer of performed antibodies against
a specific antigen from protected or immunized individual to an
unprotected or non-immunized individual
Examples of passive immunity Ans: IgA in breast milk, maternal
IgG crossing placenta, antitoxin, serotherapy (direct injection of
antibodies)
Potassium Value normal range( intercellular cation) Ans: 3.5-5.0
mEq/L
Sodium value normal range (major cation of extracellular fluid)
Ans: 135-145 mEq/L
Calcium value normal range Ans: 9-11 mg/dL OR 4.5-5.5 mEq/L
Phosphate value normal range Ans: 2.5-4.5 mg/dL
Magnesium value normal range Ans: 1.5-2.5 mEq/L
Bicarbonate value normal range (second most abundant anion in
blood) Ans: 23-30 mEq/L
Condition of low potassium < 3.5 mEq/L Ans: hypokalemia
© 2025 All rights reserved
, 2 | Page
Condition of high potassium >5 mEq/L Ans: Hyperkalemia
Condition of sodium < 135 mEq/L Ans: hyponatremia /
hypernatremia
Condition of high sodium>145 mEq/L Ans: hypernatremia
condition of low phosphate < 2.5 mg/dL Ans: hypophophatemia
Condition of high phosphate > 4.5 mg/dL Ans:
Hyperphosphatemia
Condition of low chloride <96 mEq/L Ans: hypochloremia
Condition of high chloride > 106 mEq/L Ans: Hyperchloremia
Condition of low magnesium <1.5 mEq/L Ans: hypomagnesemia
Condition of high magnesium >2.5 mEq/L Ans: Hypermagesemia
condition of low calcium< 9mg/dL Ans: hypocalcemia
condition of high calcium > 11mg/dL Ans: hypercalcemia
Pathophysiology Ans: the study of abnormalities in physiologic
functioning of living beings
Pathology Ans: the study and diagnosis of disease through
examination of organs, tissues, cells, and bodily fluids
© 2025 All rights reserved
, 3 | Page
Etiology Ans: The study of the causes and origins of disease
4 topics of pathophysiology Ans: etiology, pathogenesis, clinical
manifestations, treatment
pathogenesis Ans: development or evolution of a disease
clinical manifestation Ans: signs and symptoms or evidence of
disease
exacerbation Ans: a relatively sudden increase in the severity of a
disease or any of its signs and symptom
remission Ans: decline in severity of symptoms
sequela Ans: a disorder or condition usually resulting from a
previous disease or injury
acute Ans: sudden onset and short duration
chronic Ans: long term
Primary level of prevention Ans: altering susceptibility; reducing
exposure for susceptible persons
Example of primary prevention Ans: Immunization, health/sex ed,
quit smoking drinking or poor diet.
© 2025 All rights reserved
