PSYCH 375 Exam 1 Questions with Correct Answers Latest Update 2025/2026

PSYCH 375 Exam 1 Questions with Correct Answers Latest Update 2025/2026 Introspection - Answers way of learning about one's own currently ongoing, or perhaps very recently past, mental states or processes first used by Wilhelm Wundt Wilhelm Wundt - Answers Father of experimental psychology/ developed the introspective method Mary Whiton Clarkins - Answers studied memory/ know for discovering the "recency effect" which states that the most recent thing that was presented is remembered the best William James - Answers father of American Psychology- would think about his own cognitive processes Behaviorism - Answers study of observable behaviors and how we respond to stimuli B.F. Skinner - Answers big on behaviorism// learning is a function of overt behavior John B. Watson - Answers Believed that he could mold individuals by controlling the stimulus present to them Little Albert Experiment- infant learned that the rat was bad after it was paired with the bell Cognitive Revolution - Answers shift away from behaviorism to cognition in early 1900s Hermann Ebbinghaus - Answers interested in memory and cognitive methods Nonsense syllables- how long it took him to learn those syllables Tracking forgetting- how long it took him to forget those syllables E.C. Tolman - Answers famous for latent learning and cognitive map set up maze for rats and trained them how to get to goal state with rewards - rats learned most effective route and was able to come up with a cognitive map of the maze Noam Chomsky - Answers controversial linguist who believed the speech was an innate ability Gestalt Psychology - Answers psychology approach that focused on perception. Believed that the whole was ore than the sum of its parts Ulric Neisser - Answers Father of cognitive psychology Focused on conducting experiments with ecological validity- relatable to outside world Stability vs change - Answers experiment done examining response time and accuracy showed the people slower at a task remain slower at a task Nature vs Nurture - Answers individual is influenced by both a child's temperament is influenced by both genetics and environment Role of the child - Answers Development is an active process Interaction from the child and seeking out learning something John B. Watson- training or shaping a child is entirely related to the environment Equifinality vs multi-finality (individual differences) - Answers one thing may have multiple effects ex: sexual abuse may have multiple effects several things may influence one thing ex: several different things contribute to depression Jean Piaget - Answers developed theory of intelligence as an active, constructive, and dynamic process Sensorimotor Stage - Answers 0-2 years old development of object permanence from reflexes to goal-directed activity Preoperational Stage - Answers 2-7 years old egocentrism can't think about two aspects of an object intuitive thought Concrete Operational Stage - Answers age 7-12 years old children develop logical thought but not abstract thinking develop reversibility and classification Formal Operational Stage - Answers 12+ years old develop abstract thought Zone of proximal development - Answers area in which a child is ready to learn Scaffolding - Answers steps to get through assignment or task Exact Replication - Answers replicate earlier experiment as closely as possible Conceptual Replication - Answers tests hypothesis in earlier study to determine if results are generalizable to other situations - tweaking one or two things Cognitive Psychology - Answers acquisition, storage, transformation and use of knowledge