Data and Computer Communications
– 10th Edition
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SOLUTIONS
IA
_A
MANUAL
PP
RO
William Stallings
VE
Comprehensive Solutions Manual for Instructors
D?
and Students
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© William Stallings
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All rights reserved. Reproduction or distribution without permission is prohibited.
©Medexcellence ✅��
, TABLE OF CONTENTS
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Chapter 2 Protocol Architecture .................................................. 5
Chapter 3 Data Transmission ................................................... 10
Chapter 4 Transmission Media ................................................. 15
Chapter 5 Signal Encoding Techniques ...................................... 20
Chapter 6 Error Detection and Correction .................................. 30
IA
Chapter 7 Data Link Control Protocols ....................................... 37
Chapter 8 Multiplexing ............................................................ 45
Chapter 9 WAN Technology and Protocols.................................. 52
Chapter 10 Cellular Wireless Networks ...................................... 63
_A
Chapter 11 Local Area Network Overview .................................. 67
Chapter 12 Ethernet ............................................................... 75
Chapter 13 Wireless LANs ....................................................... 81
PP
RO
VE
D?
??
??
-4-
, CHAPTER 2 PROTOCOL ARCHITECTURE
UV
ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS
2.1 The network access layer is concerned with the exchange of data
IA
between a computer and the network to which it is attached.
2.2 The transport layer is concerned with data reliability and correct
_A
sequencing.
2.3 A protocol is the set of rules or conventions governing the way in which
two entities cooperate to exchange data.
PP
2.4 A PDU is the combination of data from the next higher communications
layer and control information.
2.5 The software structure that implements the communications function.
Typically, the protocol architecture consists of a layered set of protocols,
RO
with one or more protocols at each layer.
2.6 Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) are two
protocols originally designed to provide low level support for
internetworking. The term is also used generically to refer to a more
VE
comprehensive collection of protocols developed by the U.S.
Department of Defense and the Internet community.
2.7 Layering decomposes the overall communications problem into a
number of more manageable subproblems.
D?
2.8 A router is a device that operates at the Network layer of the OSI model
to connect dissimilar networks.
2.9 IPv4.
??
2.10 No, other transport layer protocols, such as UDP, are also used. Some
traffic uses no transport protocol, such as ICMP.
??
2.11 IPv4 - 32 bits; IPv6 - 128 bits
-5-
, ANSWERS TO PROBLEMS
2.1 The guest effectively places the order with the cook. The host
communicates this order to the clerk, who places the order with the
cook. The phone system provides the physical means for the order to be
UV
transported from host to clerk. The cook gives the pizza to the clerk
with the order form (acting as a "header" to the pizza). The clerk boxes
the pizza with the delivery address, and the delivery van encloses all of
the orders to be delivered. The road provides the physical path for
delivery.
IA
2.2 a.
French PM Chinese PM
_A
Translator (F → E) Translator (E → C)
Telephone Telephone
Telephone line
PP
The PMs speak as if they are speaking directly to each other. For
example, when the French PM speaks, he addresses his remarks directly
to the Chinese PM. However, the message is actually passed through
two translators via the phone system. The French PM's translator
translates his remarks into English and telephones these to the Chinese
RO
PM's translator, who translates these remarks into Chinese.
b.
French PM Chinese PM
Tr (F → G) Tr (G → J) Tr (J → C)
Phone Phone Phone Phone
VE
Telephone line
An intermediate node serves to translate the message before passing it
on. Note that the intermediate node handles the message only up to the
D?
second level; a minister's level is not needed.
2.3 Perhaps the major disadvantage is the processing and data overhead.
There is processing overhead because as many as seven modules (OSI
model) are invoked to move data from the application through the
??
communications software. There is data overhead because of the
appending of multiple headers to the data. Another possible
disadvantage is that there must be at least one protocol standard per
layer. With so many layers, it takes a long time to develop and
??
promulgate the standards.
-6-
– 10th Edition
UV
SOLUTIONS
IA
_A
MANUAL
PP
RO
William Stallings
VE
Comprehensive Solutions Manual for Instructors
D?
and Students
??
© William Stallings
??
All rights reserved. Reproduction or distribution without permission is prohibited.
©Medexcellence ✅��
, TABLE OF CONTENTS
UV
Chapter 2 Protocol Architecture .................................................. 5
Chapter 3 Data Transmission ................................................... 10
Chapter 4 Transmission Media ................................................. 15
Chapter 5 Signal Encoding Techniques ...................................... 20
Chapter 6 Error Detection and Correction .................................. 30
IA
Chapter 7 Data Link Control Protocols ....................................... 37
Chapter 8 Multiplexing ............................................................ 45
Chapter 9 WAN Technology and Protocols.................................. 52
Chapter 10 Cellular Wireless Networks ...................................... 63
_A
Chapter 11 Local Area Network Overview .................................. 67
Chapter 12 Ethernet ............................................................... 75
Chapter 13 Wireless LANs ....................................................... 81
PP
RO
VE
D?
??
??
-4-
, CHAPTER 2 PROTOCOL ARCHITECTURE
UV
ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS
2.1 The network access layer is concerned with the exchange of data
IA
between a computer and the network to which it is attached.
2.2 The transport layer is concerned with data reliability and correct
_A
sequencing.
2.3 A protocol is the set of rules or conventions governing the way in which
two entities cooperate to exchange data.
PP
2.4 A PDU is the combination of data from the next higher communications
layer and control information.
2.5 The software structure that implements the communications function.
Typically, the protocol architecture consists of a layered set of protocols,
RO
with one or more protocols at each layer.
2.6 Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) are two
protocols originally designed to provide low level support for
internetworking. The term is also used generically to refer to a more
VE
comprehensive collection of protocols developed by the U.S.
Department of Defense and the Internet community.
2.7 Layering decomposes the overall communications problem into a
number of more manageable subproblems.
D?
2.8 A router is a device that operates at the Network layer of the OSI model
to connect dissimilar networks.
2.9 IPv4.
??
2.10 No, other transport layer protocols, such as UDP, are also used. Some
traffic uses no transport protocol, such as ICMP.
??
2.11 IPv4 - 32 bits; IPv6 - 128 bits
-5-
, ANSWERS TO PROBLEMS
2.1 The guest effectively places the order with the cook. The host
communicates this order to the clerk, who places the order with the
cook. The phone system provides the physical means for the order to be
UV
transported from host to clerk. The cook gives the pizza to the clerk
with the order form (acting as a "header" to the pizza). The clerk boxes
the pizza with the delivery address, and the delivery van encloses all of
the orders to be delivered. The road provides the physical path for
delivery.
IA
2.2 a.
French PM Chinese PM
_A
Translator (F → E) Translator (E → C)
Telephone Telephone
Telephone line
PP
The PMs speak as if they are speaking directly to each other. For
example, when the French PM speaks, he addresses his remarks directly
to the Chinese PM. However, the message is actually passed through
two translators via the phone system. The French PM's translator
translates his remarks into English and telephones these to the Chinese
RO
PM's translator, who translates these remarks into Chinese.
b.
French PM Chinese PM
Tr (F → G) Tr (G → J) Tr (J → C)
Phone Phone Phone Phone
VE
Telephone line
An intermediate node serves to translate the message before passing it
on. Note that the intermediate node handles the message only up to the
D?
second level; a minister's level is not needed.
2.3 Perhaps the major disadvantage is the processing and data overhead.
There is processing overhead because as many as seven modules (OSI
model) are invoked to move data from the application through the
??
communications software. There is data overhead because of the
appending of multiple headers to the data. Another possible
disadvantage is that there must be at least one protocol standard per
layer. With so many layers, it takes a long time to develop and
??
promulgate the standards.
-6-
