WGU D664 Learners and Learning
Sciences questions n answers
Motivation & Purpose - ANS ✔✔Students are more motivated to learn when they are
interested, have a sense of autonomy, and understand the purpose behind what they are
learning.
Deep Thinking (Encoding) - ANS ✔✔Thinking deeply about the to-be-learned material helps
students pay attention, build memories, and make meaning out of what they are learning.
Learning as a Process - ANS ✔✔Learning involves effort, mistakes, reflection, and refinement of
strategies.
Physical Well-being - ANS ✔✔Students' physical health—including nutrition, sleep, and exercise
—impacts learning.
Learning Environment - ANS ✔✔The entire environment (space, temperature, lighting) can
affect learning.
Social Interaction - ANS ✔✔Collaboration and social interaction can enhance learning by
encouraging deeper processing and engaging the 'social brain.'
Safety & Connection - ANS ✔✔Students learn best when they feel safe and connected.
High Expectations & Support - ANS ✔✔Communicating high expectations and supporting
learners at the edge of their abilities helps them reach their potential.
, Spacing & Interleaving - ANS ✔✔Spacing out learning and mixing different content improves
retention and understanding.
Retrieval Practice - ANS ✔✔Practicing recalling information strengthens memory and helps
students apply what they've learned flexibly.
Sensorimotor - ANS ✔✔Age: 0-2; Learning through senses and movement; Object permanence
develops.
Preoperational - ANS ✔✔Age: 2-7; Use of symbols (language!); Egocentrism: can't see others'
perspectives; Struggles with conservation.
Concrete Operational - ANS ✔✔Age: 7-11; Logical thinking about concrete events; Understand
conservation; Can classify and organize objects.
Formal Operational - ANS ✔✔Age: 12+; Abstract and hypothetical thinking; Can think about
morality, algebra, and futures.
Trust vs. Mistrust - ANS ✔✔Age: 0-1; Basic Question: 'Can I trust the world?'
Autonomy vs. Shame & Doubt - ANS ✔✔Age: 1-3; Basic Question: 'Can I do things by myself?'
Initiative vs. Guilt - ANS ✔✔Age: 3-6; Basic Question: 'Is it okay to try new things?'
Industry vs. Inferiority - ANS ✔✔Age: 6-12; Basic Question: 'Am I good enough?'
Identity vs. Role Confusion - ANS ✔✔Age: 12-18; Basic Question: 'Who am I?'
Sciences questions n answers
Motivation & Purpose - ANS ✔✔Students are more motivated to learn when they are
interested, have a sense of autonomy, and understand the purpose behind what they are
learning.
Deep Thinking (Encoding) - ANS ✔✔Thinking deeply about the to-be-learned material helps
students pay attention, build memories, and make meaning out of what they are learning.
Learning as a Process - ANS ✔✔Learning involves effort, mistakes, reflection, and refinement of
strategies.
Physical Well-being - ANS ✔✔Students' physical health—including nutrition, sleep, and exercise
—impacts learning.
Learning Environment - ANS ✔✔The entire environment (space, temperature, lighting) can
affect learning.
Social Interaction - ANS ✔✔Collaboration and social interaction can enhance learning by
encouraging deeper processing and engaging the 'social brain.'
Safety & Connection - ANS ✔✔Students learn best when they feel safe and connected.
High Expectations & Support - ANS ✔✔Communicating high expectations and supporting
learners at the edge of their abilities helps them reach their potential.
, Spacing & Interleaving - ANS ✔✔Spacing out learning and mixing different content improves
retention and understanding.
Retrieval Practice - ANS ✔✔Practicing recalling information strengthens memory and helps
students apply what they've learned flexibly.
Sensorimotor - ANS ✔✔Age: 0-2; Learning through senses and movement; Object permanence
develops.
Preoperational - ANS ✔✔Age: 2-7; Use of symbols (language!); Egocentrism: can't see others'
perspectives; Struggles with conservation.
Concrete Operational - ANS ✔✔Age: 7-11; Logical thinking about concrete events; Understand
conservation; Can classify and organize objects.
Formal Operational - ANS ✔✔Age: 12+; Abstract and hypothetical thinking; Can think about
morality, algebra, and futures.
Trust vs. Mistrust - ANS ✔✔Age: 0-1; Basic Question: 'Can I trust the world?'
Autonomy vs. Shame & Doubt - ANS ✔✔Age: 1-3; Basic Question: 'Can I do things by myself?'
Initiative vs. Guilt - ANS ✔✔Age: 3-6; Basic Question: 'Is it okay to try new things?'
Industry vs. Inferiority - ANS ✔✔Age: 6-12; Basic Question: 'Am I good enough?'
Identity vs. Role Confusion - ANS ✔✔Age: 12-18; Basic Question: 'Who am I?'
