BIO 311 Exam Questions and Answers | Latest
Update | 100% Correct.
In the anatomical position, the thumb is __________ and the pinky finger is ________.
lateral, medial
___________ is the study of bone
osteology
____________ on the outside of. the ribs are ____________ to the lungs.
superficial
What are 5 functions of bone?
support, protection, movement, mineral storage, hematopoiesis
______________ is the production of blood cells
hematopoiesis
What are the 5 different type of bones?
1.) long bones
2.) Short bones
3.) Flat bones
4.) Irregular bones
5.) Sesamoid bones
What are examples of flat bones?
,skull, ribs, sternum,
What are examples of irregular bones?
vertebra
What are examples of short bones?
tarsal bones
What are examples of sesamoid bones?
Pisiform (in wrist) or patela (kneecap)
What are sesamoid bones?
bones that develop in tendons
_________ anatomy is macroscopic, we can see it with our eyes.
gross
What forms first, arteries or bone?
nutrient artery is formed first, then the bone forms around it. This is how bones are able to heal.
spongy bone contains __________ bone marrow, while compact bone contains __________
bone marrow.
red (hematopoietic), yellow (fat)
periosteum
a dense layer of vascular connective tissue enveloping the bones except at the surfaces of the
joints.
,endosteum
is a thin vascular membrane of connective tissue that lines the inner surface of the bony tissue
that forms the medullary cavity of long bones.
What is articular cartilage?
Articular cartilage is the highly specialized connective tissue of diarthrodial joints. Its principal
function is to provide a smooth, lubricated surface for articulation and to facilitate the
transmission of loads with a low frictional coefficient
Bones develop in 2 ways, what are they?
1.) intramembranous ossification
2.) endochondral ossification
What is intramembranous ossification?
bone hardening from membrane
What is endochondral ossification?
bone hardening from cartilage
by what age is most bone fully "ossified"?
mid twenties is when bone stops hardening (usually)
What is appositional growth?
growth in width
what is longitudinal growth?
, growth in length
Describe how intramembranous ossification occurs.
1.) formation of ossification centers
2.) calcification of the membranous matrix
3.) woven bone and periosteum form around blood vessels
4.) compact and spongy bone forms
Describe how endochondral ossification occurs.
1.) all cartilage
2.) cartilage califies,
***3. primary ossification forms in the diaphysis (shaft)
4.) secondary ossification at ends of bone
5.) bone replaces cartilage, except at the articular and epophyseal plates
Where does endochondral primary ossification begin?
in the diaphysis (shaft) of the bone
Are the majority of bones endochondral or intramembranous?
endochondral
What are epiphyseal plates?
they are growth plates, if broken they make stunt bone growth. (they are not in adults)
osteoblasts
bone depositers (form new bone)
Update | 100% Correct.
In the anatomical position, the thumb is __________ and the pinky finger is ________.
lateral, medial
___________ is the study of bone
osteology
____________ on the outside of. the ribs are ____________ to the lungs.
superficial
What are 5 functions of bone?
support, protection, movement, mineral storage, hematopoiesis
______________ is the production of blood cells
hematopoiesis
What are the 5 different type of bones?
1.) long bones
2.) Short bones
3.) Flat bones
4.) Irregular bones
5.) Sesamoid bones
What are examples of flat bones?
,skull, ribs, sternum,
What are examples of irregular bones?
vertebra
What are examples of short bones?
tarsal bones
What are examples of sesamoid bones?
Pisiform (in wrist) or patela (kneecap)
What are sesamoid bones?
bones that develop in tendons
_________ anatomy is macroscopic, we can see it with our eyes.
gross
What forms first, arteries or bone?
nutrient artery is formed first, then the bone forms around it. This is how bones are able to heal.
spongy bone contains __________ bone marrow, while compact bone contains __________
bone marrow.
red (hematopoietic), yellow (fat)
periosteum
a dense layer of vascular connective tissue enveloping the bones except at the surfaces of the
joints.
,endosteum
is a thin vascular membrane of connective tissue that lines the inner surface of the bony tissue
that forms the medullary cavity of long bones.
What is articular cartilage?
Articular cartilage is the highly specialized connective tissue of diarthrodial joints. Its principal
function is to provide a smooth, lubricated surface for articulation and to facilitate the
transmission of loads with a low frictional coefficient
Bones develop in 2 ways, what are they?
1.) intramembranous ossification
2.) endochondral ossification
What is intramembranous ossification?
bone hardening from membrane
What is endochondral ossification?
bone hardening from cartilage
by what age is most bone fully "ossified"?
mid twenties is when bone stops hardening (usually)
What is appositional growth?
growth in width
what is longitudinal growth?
, growth in length
Describe how intramembranous ossification occurs.
1.) formation of ossification centers
2.) calcification of the membranous matrix
3.) woven bone and periosteum form around blood vessels
4.) compact and spongy bone forms
Describe how endochondral ossification occurs.
1.) all cartilage
2.) cartilage califies,
***3. primary ossification forms in the diaphysis (shaft)
4.) secondary ossification at ends of bone
5.) bone replaces cartilage, except at the articular and epophyseal plates
Where does endochondral primary ossification begin?
in the diaphysis (shaft) of the bone
Are the majority of bones endochondral or intramembranous?
endochondral
What are epiphyseal plates?
they are growth plates, if broken they make stunt bone growth. (they are not in adults)
osteoblasts
bone depositers (form new bone)
