NAVLE Study Questions - Small
Animal Questions with Correct
Answers
A 4-year old male neutered Pit Bull mix comes in to your clinic because his owner thinks
he might have gotten into rodenticide while she was out of the house 2 hours ago but is
not sure. You send her to bring back the box of rodenticide and induce emesis by
administering subconjunctival apomorphine. Within 5 minutes, the dog vomits the
material (thick bright turquoise/green). You rinse out the conjunctiva and administer oral
activated charcoal. The owner returns with a box of rodenticide that says brodifacoum.
What should you recommend?
A. Treat the dog with vitamin E and selenium
B. Treat the dog with vitamin K1 for 6 weeks
C. No additional treatment or monitoring is needed
D. Hospitalize the dog for 24 hours to monitor and treat potential neurologic signs
E. Check serum calcium levels today and once weekly for 6 weeks - ANSWERSB. Treat
the dog with vitamin K1 for 6 weeks
The bright green vomit confirms the owner's suspicion of rodenticide ingestion because
many rat poisons contain a bright green dye. Dogs that ingest these products may have
bright green vomit or stool. Brodifacoum is a vitamin K antagonist commonly used in
rodenticides. Ingestion of this compound causes hemorrhaging after several days due
to a lack of production of new clotting factors. Treatment for this condition requires
vitamin K1 administration for 4-6 weeks.
A 4-year old female spayed mixed Chihuahua presented to the emergency service at
approximately 5am this morning after presumptively being attacked by a coyote. The
patient has a flail chest and it is questionable if there is direct communication between
the thoracic cavity and the environment (it was difficult to examine the dog due to her
fractious nature). Exploration of the wound was performed, and once anesthetized, it
was apparent she had a pneumothorax. The patient must be ventilated, as there is no
vacuum present in the chest for lung expansion to occur. What pressure should the
anesthetist not exceed if manually bagging the patient during anesthesia?
A. 8cm H20
B. 24cm H2O
C. 12cm H2O
D. 20cm H2O - ANSWERSD. 20cm H20
Pressures above 20cm H20 may result in barotrauma. In an otherwise healthy patient it
is not recommended to exceed this pressure. In patients with chronic atelectasis,
, anesthetists will be much more apprehensive about over ventilating or ventilating the
lungs too quickly, as acute expansion can trigger re-expansion pulmonary edema,
which may then lead to acute respiratory distress syndrome and death.
A two-day-old pup has a GGT level of 500 times the adult upper reference range. Which
one of the following choices is the most likely interpretation?
A - Suggestive of a congenital liver shunt
B - Caused by traumatic placental detachment
C - Associated with neonatal cholestasis
D - Related to bone development
E - Due to colostrum absorption - ANSWERSE - Due to colostrum absorption
Very high GGT levels are seen with colostrum absorption. In newborn pups + lambs +
calves, an increase in GGT up to 1000x is normal when they receive high levels of
colostrum from the dam. High levels of GGT are produced in the mammary epithelium
during lactation. When evaluating bloodwork, reference ranges specific for the age of
the patient should be utilized.
Your client is pregnant and is worried about acquiring toxoplasmosis from her cat. What
do you advise?
A. Have a housemate empty the litter box daily as a simple precaution to prevent
infection as it takes 1-3 days for passed oocysts in the stool to sporulate into an
infective form.
B. Submit toxoplasmosis titers from the cat. A IgG titer of 1:64 or greater suggests
recent or active infection that could pose a danger.
C. Submit toxoplasmosis titers from the cat. A positive cat infected with toxoplasmosis
can shed multiple times in its lifetime and pose a zoonotic risk.
D. Toxoplasmosis titer should be performed on the owner by a human physician. A
positive titer indicates antibodies to the organism that will prevent infection in the first
trimester. A negative titer indicates she should remove her cats from her environment. -
ANSWERSA. Have a housemate empty the litter box daily as a simple precaution to
prevent infection as it takes 1-3 days for passed oocysts in the stool to sporulate into an
infective form.
Toxoplasmosis gondii is a protozoal organism. The cat is the definitive host; the entire
life cycle of the organism can be completed within this host. Most cats become infected
when they consume an exposed rodent with bradyzoites encysted in their tissues. Only
recently infected cats generally shed oocysts in their stool, and cats typically only shed
these oocysts for 1-2 weeks. Most cats will only have one shedding episode in their
lifetime.A IgM (not IgG) titer of 1:64 or greater suggests recent or active infection and
that cat is at risk of shedding oocysts in their stools. Oocysts are not infective until they
sporulate. This process takes > 24 hours, so emptying the litter box daily is advised,
preferably by someone who is not pregnant.If an owner has owned cats for a long while,
it is possible that they may have previously been exposed and therefore have mounted
Animal Questions with Correct
Answers
A 4-year old male neutered Pit Bull mix comes in to your clinic because his owner thinks
he might have gotten into rodenticide while she was out of the house 2 hours ago but is
not sure. You send her to bring back the box of rodenticide and induce emesis by
administering subconjunctival apomorphine. Within 5 minutes, the dog vomits the
material (thick bright turquoise/green). You rinse out the conjunctiva and administer oral
activated charcoal. The owner returns with a box of rodenticide that says brodifacoum.
What should you recommend?
A. Treat the dog with vitamin E and selenium
B. Treat the dog with vitamin K1 for 6 weeks
C. No additional treatment or monitoring is needed
D. Hospitalize the dog for 24 hours to monitor and treat potential neurologic signs
E. Check serum calcium levels today and once weekly for 6 weeks - ANSWERSB. Treat
the dog with vitamin K1 for 6 weeks
The bright green vomit confirms the owner's suspicion of rodenticide ingestion because
many rat poisons contain a bright green dye. Dogs that ingest these products may have
bright green vomit or stool. Brodifacoum is a vitamin K antagonist commonly used in
rodenticides. Ingestion of this compound causes hemorrhaging after several days due
to a lack of production of new clotting factors. Treatment for this condition requires
vitamin K1 administration for 4-6 weeks.
A 4-year old female spayed mixed Chihuahua presented to the emergency service at
approximately 5am this morning after presumptively being attacked by a coyote. The
patient has a flail chest and it is questionable if there is direct communication between
the thoracic cavity and the environment (it was difficult to examine the dog due to her
fractious nature). Exploration of the wound was performed, and once anesthetized, it
was apparent she had a pneumothorax. The patient must be ventilated, as there is no
vacuum present in the chest for lung expansion to occur. What pressure should the
anesthetist not exceed if manually bagging the patient during anesthesia?
A. 8cm H20
B. 24cm H2O
C. 12cm H2O
D. 20cm H2O - ANSWERSD. 20cm H20
Pressures above 20cm H20 may result in barotrauma. In an otherwise healthy patient it
is not recommended to exceed this pressure. In patients with chronic atelectasis,
, anesthetists will be much more apprehensive about over ventilating or ventilating the
lungs too quickly, as acute expansion can trigger re-expansion pulmonary edema,
which may then lead to acute respiratory distress syndrome and death.
A two-day-old pup has a GGT level of 500 times the adult upper reference range. Which
one of the following choices is the most likely interpretation?
A - Suggestive of a congenital liver shunt
B - Caused by traumatic placental detachment
C - Associated with neonatal cholestasis
D - Related to bone development
E - Due to colostrum absorption - ANSWERSE - Due to colostrum absorption
Very high GGT levels are seen with colostrum absorption. In newborn pups + lambs +
calves, an increase in GGT up to 1000x is normal when they receive high levels of
colostrum from the dam. High levels of GGT are produced in the mammary epithelium
during lactation. When evaluating bloodwork, reference ranges specific for the age of
the patient should be utilized.
Your client is pregnant and is worried about acquiring toxoplasmosis from her cat. What
do you advise?
A. Have a housemate empty the litter box daily as a simple precaution to prevent
infection as it takes 1-3 days for passed oocysts in the stool to sporulate into an
infective form.
B. Submit toxoplasmosis titers from the cat. A IgG titer of 1:64 or greater suggests
recent or active infection that could pose a danger.
C. Submit toxoplasmosis titers from the cat. A positive cat infected with toxoplasmosis
can shed multiple times in its lifetime and pose a zoonotic risk.
D. Toxoplasmosis titer should be performed on the owner by a human physician. A
positive titer indicates antibodies to the organism that will prevent infection in the first
trimester. A negative titer indicates she should remove her cats from her environment. -
ANSWERSA. Have a housemate empty the litter box daily as a simple precaution to
prevent infection as it takes 1-3 days for passed oocysts in the stool to sporulate into an
infective form.
Toxoplasmosis gondii is a protozoal organism. The cat is the definitive host; the entire
life cycle of the organism can be completed within this host. Most cats become infected
when they consume an exposed rodent with bradyzoites encysted in their tissues. Only
recently infected cats generally shed oocysts in their stool, and cats typically only shed
these oocysts for 1-2 weeks. Most cats will only have one shedding episode in their
lifetime.A IgM (not IgG) titer of 1:64 or greater suggests recent or active infection and
that cat is at risk of shedding oocysts in their stools. Oocysts are not infective until they
sporulate. This process takes > 24 hours, so emptying the litter box daily is advised,
preferably by someone who is not pregnant.If an owner has owned cats for a long while,
it is possible that they may have previously been exposed and therefore have mounted
