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UCI BIO 93 (TRIO) FINAL REVIEW EXAM
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS| ACE YOUR
GRADES.
Barr body - correct answer -A compact object that that the second
X chromosome in each cell of a female body condenses into in
order to inactive its genes.
Deletion - correct answer -Removes a chromosomal segment.
Duplication - correct answer -Repeats a chromosomal segment.
Inversion - correct answer -Reverses a chromosomal segment
Translocation - correct answer -Moves a chromosomal segment
from one chromosome to a nonhomologous chromosome.
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Genomic Imprinting - correct answer -Occurs during the formation
of gametes and results in the silencing of one allele of certain
genes.
Chromatin - correct answer -A complex of DNA and protein found
within the nucleus of eukaryotic cells.
Histones - correct answer -Proteins that are responsible for the
first level of DNA packing in the chromatin.
Euchromatin - correct answer -Loosely packed chromatin; occurs
in regions where transcription can readily occur
Heterochromatin - correct answer -Highly condensed regions of
chromatin centromeres and telomeres (during interphase). this
makes it difficult for the cell to express genetic information coded
in those regions
Histone Acetylation - correct answer -Acetyl groups are attached
to possibly charged lysine in histones tails. This loosens the
structure and facilitates initiation of transcription.
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Enhancer - correct answer -DNA sequence that promotes
transcription if bound to an activator.
Activator - correct answer -A protein that binds to an enhancer
and stimulates transcription of a gene.
Repressor - correct answer -Block the transcription of a gene
Cell Differentiation - correct answer -The process by which cells
become specialized in structure and function
Morphogenesis - correct answer -The physical process that gives
an organism its shape. Involves gastrulation and organogenesis.
Cytoplasmic determinants - correct answer -Maternal substances
in the egg that influence early development
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Induction - correct answer -Signal molecules from embryonic cells
cause transcriptional changes in nearby target cells.
Determination - correct answer -Commits a cell to its final fate.
Pattern Formation - correct answer -The development of a spatial
organization of tissues and organs. In animals, begins with the
establishment of the major axis.
Maternal effect genes - correct answer -Encodes for cytoplasmic
determinate that initially establish the axis of the body
Bicoid - correct answer -A maternal effect gene that affects the
front half of the body and produces the head.
Morphogens - correct answer -Gradients of substances that
establish an embryos axes and other features.
UCI BIO 93 (TRIO) FINAL REVIEW EXAM
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS| ACE YOUR
GRADES.
Barr body - correct answer -A compact object that that the second
X chromosome in each cell of a female body condenses into in
order to inactive its genes.
Deletion - correct answer -Removes a chromosomal segment.
Duplication - correct answer -Repeats a chromosomal segment.
Inversion - correct answer -Reverses a chromosomal segment
Translocation - correct answer -Moves a chromosomal segment
from one chromosome to a nonhomologous chromosome.
, Page | 2
Genomic Imprinting - correct answer -Occurs during the formation
of gametes and results in the silencing of one allele of certain
genes.
Chromatin - correct answer -A complex of DNA and protein found
within the nucleus of eukaryotic cells.
Histones - correct answer -Proteins that are responsible for the
first level of DNA packing in the chromatin.
Euchromatin - correct answer -Loosely packed chromatin; occurs
in regions where transcription can readily occur
Heterochromatin - correct answer -Highly condensed regions of
chromatin centromeres and telomeres (during interphase). this
makes it difficult for the cell to express genetic information coded
in those regions
Histone Acetylation - correct answer -Acetyl groups are attached
to possibly charged lysine in histones tails. This loosens the
structure and facilitates initiation of transcription.
, Page | 3
Enhancer - correct answer -DNA sequence that promotes
transcription if bound to an activator.
Activator - correct answer -A protein that binds to an enhancer
and stimulates transcription of a gene.
Repressor - correct answer -Block the transcription of a gene
Cell Differentiation - correct answer -The process by which cells
become specialized in structure and function
Morphogenesis - correct answer -The physical process that gives
an organism its shape. Involves gastrulation and organogenesis.
Cytoplasmic determinants - correct answer -Maternal substances
in the egg that influence early development
, Page | 4
Induction - correct answer -Signal molecules from embryonic cells
cause transcriptional changes in nearby target cells.
Determination - correct answer -Commits a cell to its final fate.
Pattern Formation - correct answer -The development of a spatial
organization of tissues and organs. In animals, begins with the
establishment of the major axis.
Maternal effect genes - correct answer -Encodes for cytoplasmic
determinate that initially establish the axis of the body
Bicoid - correct answer -A maternal effect gene that affects the
front half of the body and produces the head.
Morphogens - correct answer -Gradients of substances that
establish an embryos axes and other features.
