LEARNING UNIT 1
Question 1
1.1 What are the following scholars’ views of the pastoral role of the educator in public schools?
Best, Lang, Lodge and Watkins (1995:63)
To assist learners pastorally. It means being concerned about the well-being of the learner.
Bradley and Dubinsky (1994:61-62)
They see the pastoral role as merely instrumental, i.e., picking up the problems as they arise and
responding pragmatically.
Francis and Kay (1994:81-82)
They have a problem with dealing with problems as they arise, as many problems can go unnoticed and
there may be little or no attempt by the school to deliver values education.
Frankel (1998:98)
Same as above
McLaughlin (2004:21-22)
All aspects of schooling, including the pastoral role, involve providing a good deal of implicit and explicit
values education alongside the formal curriculum, and this author argues, the pastoral role is an
opportunity for encouraging not only cognitive and affective development, but also spiritual and moral
development.
1.2 Explain your own view of the pastoral task of the educator. Give practical examples to illustrate
your answer
The educator in a pastoral role will practice and promote a critical, committed and ethical attitude by
developing a sense of respect for and responsibility towards others. lt also means upholding the
Constitution and promoting democratic values. The educator will develop a supportive and empowering
environment for the learners, and will develop supportive relations with parents / and other key persons
and organisations, based on a critical understanding of J community and environmental development
issues. One dimension of this role is HIV/AIDS education.
The educators task is not merely to impart the knowledge to the learners, but to enhance the total being
of the learner. Taking into consideration environmental, cultural, social and economic background which
can effect and affect cognitive development of the learner, therefore applied competences for
community, citizenship and pastoral role of the educator is important.
The educator as a learning mediator,
Interpreter and designer of learning programmes and materials
Leader administrator and manager
Scholar, researcher and lifelong learner
Community, citizenship and pastoral role
Assessor
Learning area specialist
EDPHOD8 TUT 102 Questions & Answers Page 1
,Question 2
Define the following concepts, which are frequently used in Norms and standards for educators
(2002), in the light of the educator’s pastoral role:
Applied competence
It is the overarching term for the 3 interconnected types of competence. It also refers to the ability to
integrate the discrete competences that constitute each of the seven educator roles.
Practical competence
Is the demonstrated ability, in an authentic context, to consider a range of possibilities for action, make
considered decisions about which possibility to follow, and to perform the chosen action.
Foundational competence
Practical competence is grounded on foundational competence, where the learner demonstrates an
understanding of the knowledge and thinking that underpins the action taken.
Reflexive competence
Foundational competence is integrated through reflexive competence in which the learner demonstrates
ability to integrate or connect performances and decision making with understanding and to adapt to
change and unforeseen circumstances, as well as to explain the reasons behind these adaptions.
Community, citizenship and pastoral role
Practice a critical, committed and ethical attitude in your community, school and classroom.
Promote a critical, committed and ethical attitude in your community, school and classroom.
Develop respect and responsibility towards others in your community, school and classroom.
Uphold the Constitution and Bill of Rights.
Promote democratic values and practices in your school as well as in your community.
Develop a supportive and empowering environment for your learners.
Respond to the educational and other needs (such as poverty, violence, discrimination, unsafe
school environment, language and communication blocks) of your learners as well as your fellow
educators.
Develop supportive relations with parents, other key persons and organizations. These relations
should be based on a critical understanding of community (drug abuse, child and women abuse,
HIV/Aids, poverty, health, political democracy) issues and environmental (environmental
degradation) issues.
Provide HIV/Aids education. According to the authorities, Aids education is a critical dimension of
your community, citizenship and pastoral role.
EDPHOD8 TUT 102 Questions & Answers Page 2
,Question 3 – Prof Schoeman said not necessary
3.1 Name the eight practical competences of the community, citizenship and pastoral role.
3.2 Name the eleven foundational competences of the community, citizenship and pastoral role.
3.3 Name the eight reflexive competences of the community, citizenship and pastoral role.
Question 4
Name the three important aspects that you as a pastoral educator must be aware of according to Beck
and Earl (2005:57-66).
1. Adolescence is one of several critical psychological and biological developmental stages in the
growth of young people
2. This complex transition partly defines the pastoral problems with which educators have to deal in
secondary education.
3. The nature and the manner in which some of these pastoral problems are presented can lead
educators into difficult “boundary issues” about which it is best to be forewarned.
Question 5
Provide your own opinion on the following question raised by Beck and Earl (2000:66):
Is adolescence becoming more stressful because of the increasing diversity and complexity of society
today?
Question 6
The pastoral issues related to dealing with learners in the 11-18 age group are mainly the physical and
biological effects of the onset of puberty. With the above statement in mind, do the following:
6.1 Outline the physical and biological changes experienced by your adolescent learners.
Height and weight accelerate
Secondary sexual characteristics become evident
Mature reproductive capacity develops
Growth & differentiation of cognitive ability
EDPHOD8 TUT 102 Questions & Answers Page 3
, 6.2 Indicate how you would address the anxieties of learners in the senior and FET phases. You may also
provide your own ideas.
Be role model to them
You must be able to tolerate learners anxieties
Reassure them
Teach them how to manage their anxiety
Steer them through toward calmer waters
Question 7
Psychologists differ widely in their attitude to adolescence. Name the three views as set out on page 8
in your study guide.
View 1- a near sickness, a difficult but inevitable period of storm and stress, expect them to be
erratic and over the top
View 2- some argue that there is no biological law that dictates the phase of physiological
development we call puberty is accompanied by storm and stress
View 3- it is a definable life stage; adolescence does not really exist in any other way than in the
purely biological sense.
Question 8
Discuss Erikson’s contribution to your understanding and handling of the problems experienced by
adolescents in your care
He characterized adolescence as one of the 8 stages in life
Stage 5-(12-18 yrs)
Key task is given as identity versus role confusion
Significant influences are peer groups & role models for leadership
What it means to be or not be- wonderfully existentialist conversations and poetry of death, sex,
love.
Identity formation linked to biological changes of puberty.
EDPHOD8 TUT 102 Questions & Answers Page 4
Question 1
1.1 What are the following scholars’ views of the pastoral role of the educator in public schools?
Best, Lang, Lodge and Watkins (1995:63)
To assist learners pastorally. It means being concerned about the well-being of the learner.
Bradley and Dubinsky (1994:61-62)
They see the pastoral role as merely instrumental, i.e., picking up the problems as they arise and
responding pragmatically.
Francis and Kay (1994:81-82)
They have a problem with dealing with problems as they arise, as many problems can go unnoticed and
there may be little or no attempt by the school to deliver values education.
Frankel (1998:98)
Same as above
McLaughlin (2004:21-22)
All aspects of schooling, including the pastoral role, involve providing a good deal of implicit and explicit
values education alongside the formal curriculum, and this author argues, the pastoral role is an
opportunity for encouraging not only cognitive and affective development, but also spiritual and moral
development.
1.2 Explain your own view of the pastoral task of the educator. Give practical examples to illustrate
your answer
The educator in a pastoral role will practice and promote a critical, committed and ethical attitude by
developing a sense of respect for and responsibility towards others. lt also means upholding the
Constitution and promoting democratic values. The educator will develop a supportive and empowering
environment for the learners, and will develop supportive relations with parents / and other key persons
and organisations, based on a critical understanding of J community and environmental development
issues. One dimension of this role is HIV/AIDS education.
The educators task is not merely to impart the knowledge to the learners, but to enhance the total being
of the learner. Taking into consideration environmental, cultural, social and economic background which
can effect and affect cognitive development of the learner, therefore applied competences for
community, citizenship and pastoral role of the educator is important.
The educator as a learning mediator,
Interpreter and designer of learning programmes and materials
Leader administrator and manager
Scholar, researcher and lifelong learner
Community, citizenship and pastoral role
Assessor
Learning area specialist
EDPHOD8 TUT 102 Questions & Answers Page 1
,Question 2
Define the following concepts, which are frequently used in Norms and standards for educators
(2002), in the light of the educator’s pastoral role:
Applied competence
It is the overarching term for the 3 interconnected types of competence. It also refers to the ability to
integrate the discrete competences that constitute each of the seven educator roles.
Practical competence
Is the demonstrated ability, in an authentic context, to consider a range of possibilities for action, make
considered decisions about which possibility to follow, and to perform the chosen action.
Foundational competence
Practical competence is grounded on foundational competence, where the learner demonstrates an
understanding of the knowledge and thinking that underpins the action taken.
Reflexive competence
Foundational competence is integrated through reflexive competence in which the learner demonstrates
ability to integrate or connect performances and decision making with understanding and to adapt to
change and unforeseen circumstances, as well as to explain the reasons behind these adaptions.
Community, citizenship and pastoral role
Practice a critical, committed and ethical attitude in your community, school and classroom.
Promote a critical, committed and ethical attitude in your community, school and classroom.
Develop respect and responsibility towards others in your community, school and classroom.
Uphold the Constitution and Bill of Rights.
Promote democratic values and practices in your school as well as in your community.
Develop a supportive and empowering environment for your learners.
Respond to the educational and other needs (such as poverty, violence, discrimination, unsafe
school environment, language and communication blocks) of your learners as well as your fellow
educators.
Develop supportive relations with parents, other key persons and organizations. These relations
should be based on a critical understanding of community (drug abuse, child and women abuse,
HIV/Aids, poverty, health, political democracy) issues and environmental (environmental
degradation) issues.
Provide HIV/Aids education. According to the authorities, Aids education is a critical dimension of
your community, citizenship and pastoral role.
EDPHOD8 TUT 102 Questions & Answers Page 2
,Question 3 – Prof Schoeman said not necessary
3.1 Name the eight practical competences of the community, citizenship and pastoral role.
3.2 Name the eleven foundational competences of the community, citizenship and pastoral role.
3.3 Name the eight reflexive competences of the community, citizenship and pastoral role.
Question 4
Name the three important aspects that you as a pastoral educator must be aware of according to Beck
and Earl (2005:57-66).
1. Adolescence is one of several critical psychological and biological developmental stages in the
growth of young people
2. This complex transition partly defines the pastoral problems with which educators have to deal in
secondary education.
3. The nature and the manner in which some of these pastoral problems are presented can lead
educators into difficult “boundary issues” about which it is best to be forewarned.
Question 5
Provide your own opinion on the following question raised by Beck and Earl (2000:66):
Is adolescence becoming more stressful because of the increasing diversity and complexity of society
today?
Question 6
The pastoral issues related to dealing with learners in the 11-18 age group are mainly the physical and
biological effects of the onset of puberty. With the above statement in mind, do the following:
6.1 Outline the physical and biological changes experienced by your adolescent learners.
Height and weight accelerate
Secondary sexual characteristics become evident
Mature reproductive capacity develops
Growth & differentiation of cognitive ability
EDPHOD8 TUT 102 Questions & Answers Page 3
, 6.2 Indicate how you would address the anxieties of learners in the senior and FET phases. You may also
provide your own ideas.
Be role model to them
You must be able to tolerate learners anxieties
Reassure them
Teach them how to manage their anxiety
Steer them through toward calmer waters
Question 7
Psychologists differ widely in their attitude to adolescence. Name the three views as set out on page 8
in your study guide.
View 1- a near sickness, a difficult but inevitable period of storm and stress, expect them to be
erratic and over the top
View 2- some argue that there is no biological law that dictates the phase of physiological
development we call puberty is accompanied by storm and stress
View 3- it is a definable life stage; adolescence does not really exist in any other way than in the
purely biological sense.
Question 8
Discuss Erikson’s contribution to your understanding and handling of the problems experienced by
adolescents in your care
He characterized adolescence as one of the 8 stages in life
Stage 5-(12-18 yrs)
Key task is given as identity versus role confusion
Significant influences are peer groups & role models for leadership
What it means to be or not be- wonderfully existentialist conversations and poetry of death, sex,
love.
Identity formation linked to biological changes of puberty.
EDPHOD8 TUT 102 Questions & Answers Page 4
