Psychology 1000 exam test quizzes
and answers graded A+
Psychological Science - ANS✅✅Study of mind, brain, and behavior
Critical Thinking - ANS✅✅Systematically evaluating information to reach reasonable conclusions
Culture - ANS✅✅Beliefs, values, rules, norms, and customs within a group of people that share a
language and environment
Nature vs. Nurture - ANS✅✅Arguments concerning whether psychological characteristics are
biologically innate or acquired through education, experience, and culture
Mind vs Body - ANS✅✅Are the mind and body separate and distinct or is the mind simply the
brain's subjective experience?
Dualism - ANS✅✅Descartes said that the mind and body are separate yet intertwined
Monism - ANS✅✅mind = brain
Introspection - ANS✅✅(Wundt) systematic examination of subjective mental experience that
requires people to inspect and report on their thoughts
Wilhelm Wundt - ANS✅✅Established the first psychology institute
Structuralism - ANS✅✅(Titchener) Idea that conscious experience can be broken down into its
underlying components
Edward Titchener - ANS✅✅A student of Wundt's that created a school called structuralism
Functionalism - ANS✅✅(James) An approach to psychology concerned with the adaptive purpose,
or function, of mind and behavior
,William James - ANS✅✅Was a critic of structuralism and created functionalism
Stream of Consciousness - ANS✅✅Mind consists of ever-changing, continuous series of thoughts
that can not be frozen in time
Evolutionary Theory - ANS✅✅(Darwin) It views the history of a species in terms of the inherited,
adaptive value of physical characteristics, of mental activity and behavior
Charles Darwin - ANS✅✅Published the idea of the evolutionary theory. Presented the ideas of
natural selection and survival of the fittest
Natural Selection - ANS✅✅In evolutionary theory, the idea that those who inherit characteristics
that help them adapt to their particular environments have a selective advantage over those who do
not
Survival of the Fittest - ANS✅✅Species that are better adapted to their environments will survive
and reproduce, their offspring will survive and reproduce, and so on
Gestalt Theory - ANS✅✅(Wertheimer/Kohler) Whole of personal experience is different from
simply the sum of its constituent elements
Max Wertheimer - ANS✅✅Founded Gestalt School and opposed structuralism
Sigmund Freud - ANS✅✅One of the main influences of 20th century psychology; developed
psychoanalysis
Psychoanalysis - ANS✅✅A method that attempts to bring the contents of the unconscious into
conscious awareness so that conflicts can be revealed
Free Association - ANS✅✅A technique where a patient would talk about whatever for however
long he or she wanted
John B. Watson - ANS✅✅Developed behaviorism; believed that nature was all
, Behaviorism - ANS✅✅A psychological approach that emphasizes the role of environmental forces
in producing behavior
George A. Miller - ANS✅✅Launched the cognitive revolution
Cognitive Psychology - ANS✅✅Study of how people think, learn, and remember
Cognitive Neuroscience - ANS✅✅The study of the neural mechanisms that underlie though,
learning, and memory
Kurt Lewin - ANS✅✅Founder of social psychology
Social Psychology - ANS✅✅The study of how people are influenced by their interactions with
others
Levels of analysis - ANS✅✅Biological, Individual, Social, and Cultural
Theory - ANS✅✅Explains what is observed and makes predictions about future events
Hypothesis - ANS✅✅A scientific prediction of what should be observed if a theory is correct
Population - ANS✅✅Everyone in the group the experimenter is interested in
Sample - ANS✅✅Subset of population
Representative Sample/Convenience Sample - ANS✅✅Taken at random from an available
subgroup. Ex. Students walking into school
Three types of psychological studies - ANS✅✅Descriptive, Correlational, and Experimental
Descriptive Studies (Observational) - ANS✅✅Research method of careful and systematic
assessments and coding of overt behavior
and answers graded A+
Psychological Science - ANS✅✅Study of mind, brain, and behavior
Critical Thinking - ANS✅✅Systematically evaluating information to reach reasonable conclusions
Culture - ANS✅✅Beliefs, values, rules, norms, and customs within a group of people that share a
language and environment
Nature vs. Nurture - ANS✅✅Arguments concerning whether psychological characteristics are
biologically innate or acquired through education, experience, and culture
Mind vs Body - ANS✅✅Are the mind and body separate and distinct or is the mind simply the
brain's subjective experience?
Dualism - ANS✅✅Descartes said that the mind and body are separate yet intertwined
Monism - ANS✅✅mind = brain
Introspection - ANS✅✅(Wundt) systematic examination of subjective mental experience that
requires people to inspect and report on their thoughts
Wilhelm Wundt - ANS✅✅Established the first psychology institute
Structuralism - ANS✅✅(Titchener) Idea that conscious experience can be broken down into its
underlying components
Edward Titchener - ANS✅✅A student of Wundt's that created a school called structuralism
Functionalism - ANS✅✅(James) An approach to psychology concerned with the adaptive purpose,
or function, of mind and behavior
,William James - ANS✅✅Was a critic of structuralism and created functionalism
Stream of Consciousness - ANS✅✅Mind consists of ever-changing, continuous series of thoughts
that can not be frozen in time
Evolutionary Theory - ANS✅✅(Darwin) It views the history of a species in terms of the inherited,
adaptive value of physical characteristics, of mental activity and behavior
Charles Darwin - ANS✅✅Published the idea of the evolutionary theory. Presented the ideas of
natural selection and survival of the fittest
Natural Selection - ANS✅✅In evolutionary theory, the idea that those who inherit characteristics
that help them adapt to their particular environments have a selective advantage over those who do
not
Survival of the Fittest - ANS✅✅Species that are better adapted to their environments will survive
and reproduce, their offspring will survive and reproduce, and so on
Gestalt Theory - ANS✅✅(Wertheimer/Kohler) Whole of personal experience is different from
simply the sum of its constituent elements
Max Wertheimer - ANS✅✅Founded Gestalt School and opposed structuralism
Sigmund Freud - ANS✅✅One of the main influences of 20th century psychology; developed
psychoanalysis
Psychoanalysis - ANS✅✅A method that attempts to bring the contents of the unconscious into
conscious awareness so that conflicts can be revealed
Free Association - ANS✅✅A technique where a patient would talk about whatever for however
long he or she wanted
John B. Watson - ANS✅✅Developed behaviorism; believed that nature was all
, Behaviorism - ANS✅✅A psychological approach that emphasizes the role of environmental forces
in producing behavior
George A. Miller - ANS✅✅Launched the cognitive revolution
Cognitive Psychology - ANS✅✅Study of how people think, learn, and remember
Cognitive Neuroscience - ANS✅✅The study of the neural mechanisms that underlie though,
learning, and memory
Kurt Lewin - ANS✅✅Founder of social psychology
Social Psychology - ANS✅✅The study of how people are influenced by their interactions with
others
Levels of analysis - ANS✅✅Biological, Individual, Social, and Cultural
Theory - ANS✅✅Explains what is observed and makes predictions about future events
Hypothesis - ANS✅✅A scientific prediction of what should be observed if a theory is correct
Population - ANS✅✅Everyone in the group the experimenter is interested in
Sample - ANS✅✅Subset of population
Representative Sample/Convenience Sample - ANS✅✅Taken at random from an available
subgroup. Ex. Students walking into school
Three types of psychological studies - ANS✅✅Descriptive, Correlational, and Experimental
Descriptive Studies (Observational) - ANS✅✅Research method of careful and systematic
assessments and coding of overt behavior
