BIOD 151 FINAL EXAM Questions and Answers With Verified Solutions 2025
1. List two organs contained in the abdominal cavity. - ✔✔The abdominal cavity contains the stomach,
intestines, spleen and liver
1. List two organs contained in the pelvic cavity. - ✔✔The pelvic cavity contains the bladder,
reproductive organs and the rectum
a. The purpose of cellular respiration is to produce ADP. (T or F) - ✔✔False- (ATP is produced, not ADP)
b. Peripheral proteins are found on the outer surface of a cell membrane. (T or F) - ✔✔True
c. Exocytosis is the process that occurs to bring biomacromolecules inside the cell. (T or F) - ✔✔False-
(process is endocytosis)
d. Receptor-mediated endocytosis uses a signaling molecule from another cell, binding to the cell
membrane to bring about changes within the cell proteins. (T or F) - ✔✔True
e. Endocytosis is a passive process. It does not require cellular energy expenditure. (T or F) - ✔✔False-
(Endocytosis is an active process and requires cellular energy)
a. Cellular respiration occurs in the mitochondria. (T or F) - ✔✔True
b. The purpose of cellular respiration is to produce ATP. (T or F) - ✔✔True
c. Integral proteins are only found on the inner surface of a cell membrane. (T or F) - ✔✔False-
(Peripheral proteins are found on the inner or outer surface of the cell membrane. Integral proteins
span the entire length of the membrane.)
d. Endocytosis is the process that occurs to eject biomacromolecules from the cell. (T or F) - ✔✔False -
Exocytosis
, e. Pinocytosis uses a signaling molecule from another cell, binding to the cell membrane to bring about
changes within the cell proteins. (T or F) - ✔✔False- (This process is called receptor-mediated
endocytosis or information transfer)
3. In your own words, discuss Tay-Sachs disease. What organelle within the cell is impacted? What are
the symptoms of the disease and why do they occur? - ✔✔Tay-Sachs disease impacts the lysosome of
the cell because a digestive enzyme in lacking. This leads to a toxic buildup of toxic lipids in the brain
that cannot be broken down. This can lead to disability and death.
4. You are observing two cells under the microscope. They are the same type of eukaryotic cell but one
appears much larger. Based on appearance alone, which one would you expect to be carrying out
respiration at a more active rate, the larger or smaller cell? Explain why. - ✔✔The smaller cell would be
carrying out respiration at a more active rate because its surface area to volume ration is higher than
that of the larger cell. When there is more surface are and less volume the small cell allows metabolic
processes in general to occur faster.
4. Explain at least two differences between Type I and Type II alveolar cells. - ✔✔Type I forms the very
thin simple squamous epithelium of the alveoli within the junction of the capillaries; also, Type II
produce and secrete pulmonary surfactant which is needed throughout the alveolar surface; and, Type II
cells can divide to replace damaged Type I cells.
5. Explain what happens to the soft palate during swallowing. Why? - ✔✔The upward movement of the
soft palate prevents food or liquid from entering the nasal passages during swallowing.
5. Explain what happens to the epiglottis during swallowing. Why? - ✔✔The trachea is closed by the
epiglottis. The epiglottis moves inferiorly, covering the trachea. This is to prevent food or liquid from
entering the lungs.
6. Air and food pass in which one of the following areas:
Trachea
Nasopharynx
Oropharynx
Alveoli - ✔✔Oropharynx
1. List two organs contained in the abdominal cavity. - ✔✔The abdominal cavity contains the stomach,
intestines, spleen and liver
1. List two organs contained in the pelvic cavity. - ✔✔The pelvic cavity contains the bladder,
reproductive organs and the rectum
a. The purpose of cellular respiration is to produce ADP. (T or F) - ✔✔False- (ATP is produced, not ADP)
b. Peripheral proteins are found on the outer surface of a cell membrane. (T or F) - ✔✔True
c. Exocytosis is the process that occurs to bring biomacromolecules inside the cell. (T or F) - ✔✔False-
(process is endocytosis)
d. Receptor-mediated endocytosis uses a signaling molecule from another cell, binding to the cell
membrane to bring about changes within the cell proteins. (T or F) - ✔✔True
e. Endocytosis is a passive process. It does not require cellular energy expenditure. (T or F) - ✔✔False-
(Endocytosis is an active process and requires cellular energy)
a. Cellular respiration occurs in the mitochondria. (T or F) - ✔✔True
b. The purpose of cellular respiration is to produce ATP. (T or F) - ✔✔True
c. Integral proteins are only found on the inner surface of a cell membrane. (T or F) - ✔✔False-
(Peripheral proteins are found on the inner or outer surface of the cell membrane. Integral proteins
span the entire length of the membrane.)
d. Endocytosis is the process that occurs to eject biomacromolecules from the cell. (T or F) - ✔✔False -
Exocytosis
, e. Pinocytosis uses a signaling molecule from another cell, binding to the cell membrane to bring about
changes within the cell proteins. (T or F) - ✔✔False- (This process is called receptor-mediated
endocytosis or information transfer)
3. In your own words, discuss Tay-Sachs disease. What organelle within the cell is impacted? What are
the symptoms of the disease and why do they occur? - ✔✔Tay-Sachs disease impacts the lysosome of
the cell because a digestive enzyme in lacking. This leads to a toxic buildup of toxic lipids in the brain
that cannot be broken down. This can lead to disability and death.
4. You are observing two cells under the microscope. They are the same type of eukaryotic cell but one
appears much larger. Based on appearance alone, which one would you expect to be carrying out
respiration at a more active rate, the larger or smaller cell? Explain why. - ✔✔The smaller cell would be
carrying out respiration at a more active rate because its surface area to volume ration is higher than
that of the larger cell. When there is more surface are and less volume the small cell allows metabolic
processes in general to occur faster.
4. Explain at least two differences between Type I and Type II alveolar cells. - ✔✔Type I forms the very
thin simple squamous epithelium of the alveoli within the junction of the capillaries; also, Type II
produce and secrete pulmonary surfactant which is needed throughout the alveolar surface; and, Type II
cells can divide to replace damaged Type I cells.
5. Explain what happens to the soft palate during swallowing. Why? - ✔✔The upward movement of the
soft palate prevents food or liquid from entering the nasal passages during swallowing.
5. Explain what happens to the epiglottis during swallowing. Why? - ✔✔The trachea is closed by the
epiglottis. The epiglottis moves inferiorly, covering the trachea. This is to prevent food or liquid from
entering the lungs.
6. Air and food pass in which one of the following areas:
Trachea
Nasopharynx
Oropharynx
Alveoli - ✔✔Oropharynx
