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,ATI TEAS 7: Science
ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY
Which of the following is the longest bone in the human body?
A. Tibia
B. Fibula
C. Femur
D. Humerus
Answer-: C. Femur
Rationale: The femur (thigh bone) is the longest, strongest, and heaviest bone in
the human body.
The mitral valve is located between which two chambers of the heart?
A. Right atrium and right ventricle
B. Left atrium and left ventricle
C. Right atrium and left ventricle
D. Left atrium and right ventricle
Answer-: B. Left atrium and left ventricle
Rationale: The mitral (bicuspid) valve prevents backflow from left ventricle into
left atrium during ventricular contraction.
Which of the following structures is responsible for gas exchange in the lungs?
A. Bronchi
B. Bronchioles
, C. Alveoli
D. Trachea
Answer-: C. Alveoli
Rationale: Alveoli are the tiny air sacs where oxygen and carbon dioxide are
exchanged by diffusion across the respiratory membrane.
The primary function of the spleen in the lymphatic/immune system is to
A. Produce insulin
B. Filter blood and store white blood cells
C. Produce bile
D. Digest carbohydrates
Answer-: B. Filter blood and store white blood cells
Rationale: The spleen filters blood, removes old red blood cells, and stores
platelets and white blood cells for immune response.
Which muscle is responsible for plantar flexion of the foot?
A. Tibialis anterior
B. Gastrocnemius
C. Quadriceps femoris
D. Hamstring group
Answer-: B. Gastrocnemius
Rationale: The gastrocnemius (calf muscle) is the prime mover for plantar flexion
(pointing toes downward).
The hormone insulin is produced by which organ?
A. Pancreas (beta cells)
B. Thyroid gland