Terms in this set (121)
-Osteogenic cells
-Osteoblasts
Describe the cells of the bone -Osteocytes
tissue -Osteoclasts
Endosteum
What membrane lines the internal
canals and the small cavities of
the compact and spongy bones?
-Dense irregular connective tissue
-Collagen fibers
What is the periosteum composed -Outer fibrous layer has fibroblasts
of? -Inner layer has progenitor cells that become osteoblasts
-Stony matter surrounding osteocytes and lacunae
-1/3 organic (collagen and protein-carb complex) and 2/3 inorganic
(CaK, CaCO3...)
Describe the matrix of the bone -gives bone flexibility and strength
tissue -Minerals resist compression
-Collagen resists tension
-Inorganic (minerals) resist compression
Compare the function of the -Organic (protein-carb complex/collagen) resists tension
organic and the inorganic material
in the bone matrix
Chondroblasts are surrounded by cartilage matrix and receive
oxygen and nutrients by diffusion through the matrix. When the
matrix becomes calcified, diffusion is reduced the the point that the
cells die. When osteoblasts form bone matrix, they connect to one
another by their cell processes. Thus, when the matrix is laid down,
Why does calcification result in
canaliculi are formed. Even though the ossified bone matrix is dense
death of chondrocytes, while
and prevents significant diffusion, the osteocytes can receive gases
ossification does not result in
and nutrients through the canaliculi or by movement form one
death of osteocytes?
osteocyte to another.
, 1. Hyaline cartilage is covered with fibrous perichondrium
2. In middle of cartilage (primary oss. center), chondrocytes die, and
the thin wall calcify. Perichondrium cells become osteoblasts and
form bony collar-periosteum.
3. Blood vessels grow into primary oss. center. Osteoclasts come
and hollow out calcified center (primary marrow cavity). Osteoblasts
come and deposit bone, thickening shaft. Second oss. center
develops at ends of bone.
4. Second oss. center hollows out secondary marrow cavity. Dividing
Describe the process of line is formed-metaphysis.
endochondral ossification. 5. Epiphyseal plate surrounding by metaphysis exists; enables
bones to grow in length and width.
6. No more cartilage=no more room to grow; only cartilage is
articular cartilage, which needs to stay mushy
Since we need calcium for everything, the parathyroid hormone
What is the effect of inadequate stimulates osteoclast activity and breaks down bones to release
levels of calcium in the diet of an calcium. Bones become brittle and porous.
adult on the skeleton?
Growth of articular cartilage results in an increase in the size of the
epiphyses. This is only one of the functions of articular cartilage; it
The epiphyseal cartilage becomes also forms a smooth, resilient covering over the ends of the
ossified in our youth. On the other epiphyses within joints. Ossified articular cartilage could not perform
hand, the articular cartilage does that function.
not become ossified. Why is that
advantageous?
Her growth for the next few months increases, and she may be taller
than a typical 12-year-old female. Because the epiphyseal plates
A 12 year old girl produces ossify earlier than normal, however, her height at age 18 will be less
relatively large amount of than otherwise expected.
estrogen, a sex hormone that
stimulates growth of the
epiphyseal plate, as well as the
rate of ossification. How will that
affect her height in future months?
At the age of 25?
-Osteogenic cells
-Osteoblasts
Describe the cells of the bone -Osteocytes
tissue -Osteoclasts
Endosteum
What membrane lines the internal
canals and the small cavities of
the compact and spongy bones?
-Dense irregular connective tissue
-Collagen fibers
What is the periosteum composed -Outer fibrous layer has fibroblasts
of? -Inner layer has progenitor cells that become osteoblasts
-Stony matter surrounding osteocytes and lacunae
-1/3 organic (collagen and protein-carb complex) and 2/3 inorganic
(CaK, CaCO3...)
Describe the matrix of the bone -gives bone flexibility and strength
tissue -Minerals resist compression
-Collagen resists tension
-Inorganic (minerals) resist compression
Compare the function of the -Organic (protein-carb complex/collagen) resists tension
organic and the inorganic material
in the bone matrix
Chondroblasts are surrounded by cartilage matrix and receive
oxygen and nutrients by diffusion through the matrix. When the
matrix becomes calcified, diffusion is reduced the the point that the
cells die. When osteoblasts form bone matrix, they connect to one
another by their cell processes. Thus, when the matrix is laid down,
Why does calcification result in
canaliculi are formed. Even though the ossified bone matrix is dense
death of chondrocytes, while
and prevents significant diffusion, the osteocytes can receive gases
ossification does not result in
and nutrients through the canaliculi or by movement form one
death of osteocytes?
osteocyte to another.
, 1. Hyaline cartilage is covered with fibrous perichondrium
2. In middle of cartilage (primary oss. center), chondrocytes die, and
the thin wall calcify. Perichondrium cells become osteoblasts and
form bony collar-periosteum.
3. Blood vessels grow into primary oss. center. Osteoclasts come
and hollow out calcified center (primary marrow cavity). Osteoblasts
come and deposit bone, thickening shaft. Second oss. center
develops at ends of bone.
4. Second oss. center hollows out secondary marrow cavity. Dividing
Describe the process of line is formed-metaphysis.
endochondral ossification. 5. Epiphyseal plate surrounding by metaphysis exists; enables
bones to grow in length and width.
6. No more cartilage=no more room to grow; only cartilage is
articular cartilage, which needs to stay mushy
Since we need calcium for everything, the parathyroid hormone
What is the effect of inadequate stimulates osteoclast activity and breaks down bones to release
levels of calcium in the diet of an calcium. Bones become brittle and porous.
adult on the skeleton?
Growth of articular cartilage results in an increase in the size of the
epiphyses. This is only one of the functions of articular cartilage; it
The epiphyseal cartilage becomes also forms a smooth, resilient covering over the ends of the
ossified in our youth. On the other epiphyses within joints. Ossified articular cartilage could not perform
hand, the articular cartilage does that function.
not become ossified. Why is that
advantageous?
Her growth for the next few months increases, and she may be taller
than a typical 12-year-old female. Because the epiphyseal plates
A 12 year old girl produces ossify earlier than normal, however, her height at age 18 will be less
relatively large amount of than otherwise expected.
estrogen, a sex hormone that
stimulates growth of the
epiphyseal plate, as well as the
rate of ossification. How will that
affect her height in future months?
At the age of 25?
