PSYC 2000 LSU Knapp Exam 3 Ch 7 UPDATED
ACTUAL Exam Questions and CORRECT
Answers
cognition - thinking, and it encompasses the processes associated with perception,
knowledge, problem solving, judgment, language, and memory
cognitive psychology - the field of dedicated to examining how people think
concepts - categories or groupings of linguistic information, images, ideas, or memories,
such as life experiences
prototype - the best example or representation of a concept
natural concepts - created "naturally" through your experiences and can be developed
from either direct or indirect experiences
artificial concepts - a concept that is defined by a specific set of characteristics
schema - a mental construct consisting of a cluster or collection of related concepts
role schema - makes assumptions about how individuals in certain roles will behave
event schema aka cognitive script - a set of behaviors that can feel like a routine
,language - communication system that involves using words and systematic rules to
organize those words to trasmit information from one individual to another
lexicon - refers to the words of a given language
grammar - refers to the set of rules that are used to convey meaning through the use of
the lexicon
phonemes - a basic sound unit of a given language, and different languages have
different sets of phonemes
morphemes - the smallest unit of language that convey some type of meaning,
phonemes are combined to form these
semantics - refers to the process by which we derive meaning from morphemes and
words
syntax - refers to the way words are organized into sentences
infinite generativity - the ability to produce an endless number of meaningful sentences
using a finite set of words and rules
crying - babies do this at birth, it can signal distress, different types of this can signal
different things
prelinguistic communication - sounds, facial expressions, gestures, imitation, etc. that
provide meaning without words
, cooing - babies do this at 1-2 months, gurgling sounds that are made in the back of the
throat and usually express pleasure during interaction with the caregiver
babbling - starting around 2-3 months, babies produce strings of consonant-vowel
combinations, such as "ba ba ba ba"
gestures - infants start using these, such as showing and pointing, at about 8-12 months,
they wave bye-bye, nod to mean "yes," and show an empty cup to want more milk
first words - between about 8-12 months, infants often indicate their first understanding
of words, include names of important people, familiar animals, vehicles, toys, food, body parts,
clothes, household items, and greeting terms
first sentences - by the time children are 18-24 months, they usually utter two-word
utterances
overextension - tendency to apply a word to objects that are inappropriate for the word's
meaning
underextension - the tendency to apply a word too narrowly; it occurs when children fail
to use a word to name a relevant event or object
overgeneralization - refers to an extension of a language rule to an exception to the rule
problem solving strategies - a plan of action used to find a solution
trial and error - continue trying different solutions until problem is solved
ACTUAL Exam Questions and CORRECT
Answers
cognition - thinking, and it encompasses the processes associated with perception,
knowledge, problem solving, judgment, language, and memory
cognitive psychology - the field of dedicated to examining how people think
concepts - categories or groupings of linguistic information, images, ideas, or memories,
such as life experiences
prototype - the best example or representation of a concept
natural concepts - created "naturally" through your experiences and can be developed
from either direct or indirect experiences
artificial concepts - a concept that is defined by a specific set of characteristics
schema - a mental construct consisting of a cluster or collection of related concepts
role schema - makes assumptions about how individuals in certain roles will behave
event schema aka cognitive script - a set of behaviors that can feel like a routine
,language - communication system that involves using words and systematic rules to
organize those words to trasmit information from one individual to another
lexicon - refers to the words of a given language
grammar - refers to the set of rules that are used to convey meaning through the use of
the lexicon
phonemes - a basic sound unit of a given language, and different languages have
different sets of phonemes
morphemes - the smallest unit of language that convey some type of meaning,
phonemes are combined to form these
semantics - refers to the process by which we derive meaning from morphemes and
words
syntax - refers to the way words are organized into sentences
infinite generativity - the ability to produce an endless number of meaningful sentences
using a finite set of words and rules
crying - babies do this at birth, it can signal distress, different types of this can signal
different things
prelinguistic communication - sounds, facial expressions, gestures, imitation, etc. that
provide meaning without words
, cooing - babies do this at 1-2 months, gurgling sounds that are made in the back of the
throat and usually express pleasure during interaction with the caregiver
babbling - starting around 2-3 months, babies produce strings of consonant-vowel
combinations, such as "ba ba ba ba"
gestures - infants start using these, such as showing and pointing, at about 8-12 months,
they wave bye-bye, nod to mean "yes," and show an empty cup to want more milk
first words - between about 8-12 months, infants often indicate their first understanding
of words, include names of important people, familiar animals, vehicles, toys, food, body parts,
clothes, household items, and greeting terms
first sentences - by the time children are 18-24 months, they usually utter two-word
utterances
overextension - tendency to apply a word to objects that are inappropriate for the word's
meaning
underextension - the tendency to apply a word too narrowly; it occurs when children fail
to use a word to name a relevant event or object
overgeneralization - refers to an extension of a language rule to an exception to the rule
problem solving strategies - a plan of action used to find a solution
trial and error - continue trying different solutions until problem is solved
