NRNP 6540 FINAL EXAM | 2025–2026 ACTUAL EXAM | 150
QUESTIONS & CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS | ALREADY
GRADED A+ | 100% VERIFIED
Nursing Research & Practice (NRNP) | Key Domains: Evidence-Based Practice, Research
Methodology, Data Interpretation, Critical Analysis, Nursing Leadership, Clinical Decision-
Making, Ethics, Quality Improvement, and Patient-Centered Care | Expert-Verified Format
& Structure | Exam-Ready
Introduction
This 2025–2026 NRNP 6540 Final Exam format provides the complete structure for
generating 150-item exam content with fully validated answers. It encompasses research
principles, critical appraisal, clinical reasoning, and leadership-focused nursing
competencies. All exam content created under this format supports mastery-level
understanding, evidence-based practice integration, and advanced nursing judgment.
Answer Format
All correct answers are displayed in bold and green, accompanied by clear rationales that
clarify research concepts, clinical application, and why other options are less appropriate,
emphasizing safe and evidence-based nursing practice.
1. Which level of evidence is assigned to a systematic review of randomized
controlled trials?
A. Level II
B. Level III
C. Level I
D. Level IV
Answer: Level I
Rationale: Level I evidence is derived from systematic reviews or meta-analyses of RCTs,
representing the highest quality of evidence available for clinical decision-making.
2. A nurse researcher wants to evaluate the effect of a mindfulness program on
nurse burnout. Which research design is most appropriate?
A. Cross-sectional survey
B. Pretest-posttest quasi-experimental
C. Qualitative phenomenology
D. Case-control study
Answer: Pretest-posttest quasi-experimental
Rationale: A pretest-posttest design allows measurement of burnout before and after the
intervention, providing evidence of program effectiveness; quasi-experimental is suitable
when randomization is not feasible.
3. Which statistical test is best suited for comparing the mean blood pressure
between two independent groups?
A. Pearson correlation
B. Chi-square test
C. Independent t-test
D. ANOVA
Answer: Independent t-test
,Rationale: The independent t-test compares means of two unrelated groups; ANOVA is used
for three or more groups, chi-square for categorical variables, and Pearson for correlation.
4. Which action demonstrates a nurse’s commitment to evidence-based practice
(EBP)?
A. Relying on expert opinion alone
B. Integrating research findings with clinical expertise and patient preferences
C. Using tradition-based protocols
D. Consulting only facility policies
Answer: Integrating research findings with clinical expertise and patient
preferences
Rationale: EBP is the conscientious integration of best research evidence with clinical
expertise and patient values; expert opinion and tradition are lower-level evidence.
5. Which component is essential when formulating a PICOT question?
A. Hypothesis
B. Intervention
C. Literature review
D. Budget
Answer: Intervention
Rationale: PICOT stands for Population, Intervention, Comparison, Outcome, and Time; the
intervention is the core focus of the clinical question.
6. A researcher reports a p-value of 0.03. Which conclusion is accurate?
A. The null hypothesis is accepted
B. There is a 3% probability the results are due to chance
C. The study has high Type II error
D. The effect size is large
Answer: There is a 3% probability the results are due to chance
Rationale: A p-value of 0.03 indicates a 3% probability that the observed results occurred by
chance, allowing rejection of the null hypothesis at α = 0.05.
7. Which ethical principle is upheld when participants are fully informed of
study risks?
A. Beneficence
B. Justice
C. Respect for persons
D. Fidelity
Answer: Respect for persons
Rationale: Respect for persons requires informed consent and autonomy; beneficence
focuses on maximizing benefits and minimizing harm.
8. Which type of bias is most likely to occur if participants know they are
receiving the active treatment?
A. Selection bias
B. Detection bias
C. Performance bias
D. Attrition bias
Answer: Performance bias
Rationale: Performance bias occurs when participants or researchers behave differently due
to knowledge of the intervention; blinding reduces this risk.
9. Which leadership style is most effective for driving evidence-based practice
change?
, A. Laissez-faire
B. Transformational
C. Autocratic
D. Passive
Answer: Transformational
Rationale: Transformational leaders inspire and motivate staff to embrace change, fostering
innovation and adoption of EBP.
10. Which database is considered the gold standard for retrieving systematic
reviews in nursing?
A. CINAHL
B. PubMed
C. Cochrane Library
D. PsycINFO
Answer: Cochrane Library
Rationale: Cochrane Library specializes in high-quality systematic reviews and meta-
analyses, making it the premier source for evidence-based summaries.
11. Which research approach is best suited for exploring the lived experience of
patients with chronic pain?
A. Randomized controlled trial
B. Grounded theory
C. Ethnography
D. Phenomenology
Answer: Phenomenology
Rationale: Phenomenology focuses on understanding the essence of lived experiences;
grounded theory develops theory, ethnography studies culture, and RCTs test interventions.
12. Which measure indicates the consistency or stability of a research
instrument?
A. Validity
B. Reliability
C. Sensitivity
D. Specificity
Answer: Reliability
Rationale: Reliability refers to the consistency of an instrument; validity assesses whether it
measures what it intends to measure.
13. Which type of sampling gives each member of the population an equal
chance of being selected?
A. Convenience sampling
B. Stratified sampling
C. Simple random sampling
D. Purposive sampling
Answer: Simple random sampling
Rationale: Simple random sampling is a probability method ensuring equal selection chance,
minimizing selection bias.
14. Which quality improvement model uses Plan-Do-Study-Act cycles?
A. Lean
B. Six Sigma
C. PDSA
D. Root cause analysis
QUESTIONS & CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS | ALREADY
GRADED A+ | 100% VERIFIED
Nursing Research & Practice (NRNP) | Key Domains: Evidence-Based Practice, Research
Methodology, Data Interpretation, Critical Analysis, Nursing Leadership, Clinical Decision-
Making, Ethics, Quality Improvement, and Patient-Centered Care | Expert-Verified Format
& Structure | Exam-Ready
Introduction
This 2025–2026 NRNP 6540 Final Exam format provides the complete structure for
generating 150-item exam content with fully validated answers. It encompasses research
principles, critical appraisal, clinical reasoning, and leadership-focused nursing
competencies. All exam content created under this format supports mastery-level
understanding, evidence-based practice integration, and advanced nursing judgment.
Answer Format
All correct answers are displayed in bold and green, accompanied by clear rationales that
clarify research concepts, clinical application, and why other options are less appropriate,
emphasizing safe and evidence-based nursing practice.
1. Which level of evidence is assigned to a systematic review of randomized
controlled trials?
A. Level II
B. Level III
C. Level I
D. Level IV
Answer: Level I
Rationale: Level I evidence is derived from systematic reviews or meta-analyses of RCTs,
representing the highest quality of evidence available for clinical decision-making.
2. A nurse researcher wants to evaluate the effect of a mindfulness program on
nurse burnout. Which research design is most appropriate?
A. Cross-sectional survey
B. Pretest-posttest quasi-experimental
C. Qualitative phenomenology
D. Case-control study
Answer: Pretest-posttest quasi-experimental
Rationale: A pretest-posttest design allows measurement of burnout before and after the
intervention, providing evidence of program effectiveness; quasi-experimental is suitable
when randomization is not feasible.
3. Which statistical test is best suited for comparing the mean blood pressure
between two independent groups?
A. Pearson correlation
B. Chi-square test
C. Independent t-test
D. ANOVA
Answer: Independent t-test
,Rationale: The independent t-test compares means of two unrelated groups; ANOVA is used
for three or more groups, chi-square for categorical variables, and Pearson for correlation.
4. Which action demonstrates a nurse’s commitment to evidence-based practice
(EBP)?
A. Relying on expert opinion alone
B. Integrating research findings with clinical expertise and patient preferences
C. Using tradition-based protocols
D. Consulting only facility policies
Answer: Integrating research findings with clinical expertise and patient
preferences
Rationale: EBP is the conscientious integration of best research evidence with clinical
expertise and patient values; expert opinion and tradition are lower-level evidence.
5. Which component is essential when formulating a PICOT question?
A. Hypothesis
B. Intervention
C. Literature review
D. Budget
Answer: Intervention
Rationale: PICOT stands for Population, Intervention, Comparison, Outcome, and Time; the
intervention is the core focus of the clinical question.
6. A researcher reports a p-value of 0.03. Which conclusion is accurate?
A. The null hypothesis is accepted
B. There is a 3% probability the results are due to chance
C. The study has high Type II error
D. The effect size is large
Answer: There is a 3% probability the results are due to chance
Rationale: A p-value of 0.03 indicates a 3% probability that the observed results occurred by
chance, allowing rejection of the null hypothesis at α = 0.05.
7. Which ethical principle is upheld when participants are fully informed of
study risks?
A. Beneficence
B. Justice
C. Respect for persons
D. Fidelity
Answer: Respect for persons
Rationale: Respect for persons requires informed consent and autonomy; beneficence
focuses on maximizing benefits and minimizing harm.
8. Which type of bias is most likely to occur if participants know they are
receiving the active treatment?
A. Selection bias
B. Detection bias
C. Performance bias
D. Attrition bias
Answer: Performance bias
Rationale: Performance bias occurs when participants or researchers behave differently due
to knowledge of the intervention; blinding reduces this risk.
9. Which leadership style is most effective for driving evidence-based practice
change?
, A. Laissez-faire
B. Transformational
C. Autocratic
D. Passive
Answer: Transformational
Rationale: Transformational leaders inspire and motivate staff to embrace change, fostering
innovation and adoption of EBP.
10. Which database is considered the gold standard for retrieving systematic
reviews in nursing?
A. CINAHL
B. PubMed
C. Cochrane Library
D. PsycINFO
Answer: Cochrane Library
Rationale: Cochrane Library specializes in high-quality systematic reviews and meta-
analyses, making it the premier source for evidence-based summaries.
11. Which research approach is best suited for exploring the lived experience of
patients with chronic pain?
A. Randomized controlled trial
B. Grounded theory
C. Ethnography
D. Phenomenology
Answer: Phenomenology
Rationale: Phenomenology focuses on understanding the essence of lived experiences;
grounded theory develops theory, ethnography studies culture, and RCTs test interventions.
12. Which measure indicates the consistency or stability of a research
instrument?
A. Validity
B. Reliability
C. Sensitivity
D. Specificity
Answer: Reliability
Rationale: Reliability refers to the consistency of an instrument; validity assesses whether it
measures what it intends to measure.
13. Which type of sampling gives each member of the population an equal
chance of being selected?
A. Convenience sampling
B. Stratified sampling
C. Simple random sampling
D. Purposive sampling
Answer: Simple random sampling
Rationale: Simple random sampling is a probability method ensuring equal selection chance,
minimizing selection bias.
14. Which quality improvement model uses Plan-Do-Study-Act cycles?
A. Lean
B. Six Sigma
C. PDSA
D. Root cause analysis
