NURS 615 MARYVILLE EXAM 2 | COMPLETE QUESTIONS
& ANSWERS (100% VERIFIED SOLUTIONS) LATEST
UPDATE
Drugs with CNS effects act of what receptors (neurotransmitters) - CORRECT ANSWER -GABA
Acetylcholine
Seratonin
Dopamine
Norepinephrine
Anti- anxiety drugs, and sedative hypnotic drug classes - CORRECT ANSWER -Benzodiazapimes,
atypical anxiolytics, sedative hypnotics, barbituates
Benzodiazepine drugs - CORRECT ANSWER -All the "pams" plus librium
Alprazolam (Xanax)
Chlordiazepoxide (Librium)
Clonazepam (Klonopin)
Diazepam (Valium)
Lorazepam (Ativan)
Oxazepam (Serax)
Benzodiazepine like drugs - CORRECT ANSWER -Eszopiclone (Lunesta)
Zolpidem (Ambien)
,Mechanism of action of benzodiazepine - CORRECT ANSWER -increases the action of GABA (an
inhibitory neurotransmitter) thereby decreasing neuronal excitation. Benzos bind to the
benzodiazepine receptor.
When GABA increases, it decreases neuronal excitation=reduction in anxiety, muscle relaxation,
and anticonvulsant.
Metabolized in the liver- highly lipid soluble & protein bound
Adverse effects of benzodiazepines - CORRECT ANSWER -Major effects due to action as CNS
depressant- sedation, cardiac and resp depressant, depression, confusion, hypotention
May also see paradoxical anxiety, agitation, and acute rage
Psychological and physical dependence
Considerations with benzodiazepines - CORRECT ANSWER -Development of dependence- must
taper off as it can cause physical and psychological withdrawal symptoms
Xanax and Ativan are more likely to develop dependence. Prescribe Clonazepam (Klonopin) is
less likely for dependence due to its long action.
Benzos are for *short-term* treatment of anxiety
Atypical Anxiolytic - CORRECT ANSWER -Buspirone (Buspar)
Benzodiazepines interact with - CORRECT ANSWER -MAOI's, SSRI's, etoh, antihistamines,
pregnancy category D
,Buspirone (Buspar) MOA - CORRECT ANSWER -Buspirone (BuSpar) - approved for the treatment
of GAD
Full agonist at the pre-synaptic serotinin-1A (5-HT 1a) receptor, also has action at dopamine
receptors
Short half-life, but slow onset of action
Metabolized by oxidation, excreted in urine
Buspirone (Buspar) considerations - CORRECT ANSWER -Absorbed well orally
Should be taken with food to decrease first-pass effect
NOT to be used in individuals with liver or renal disease
Takes 1 to 2 weeks for onset of anxiolytic effects. Up to 6 weeks for maximum effects.
Buspirone (buspar) interacts with - CORRECT ANSWER -Anti psychotics such as haldol- compete
for metabolism site.
Buspirone (Buspar) side effects - CORRECT ANSWER -Nausea, dizziness, headache,
lightheadedness, agitation, insomnia, dry moulth
Buspirone is used in conjuction with - CORRECT ANSWER -SSRI's-augements the response in
individuals with agitated or anxious depression
, Barbiturates - CORRECT ANSWER -Before benzos, barbiturates were the standard treatment for
anxiety. the "bitals"
Anxiolytic, sedative-hypnotic, anticonvulsant.
Phenobarbital
Metharbital
Barbiturates MOA - CORRECT ANSWER -Bind to GABA receptors (at a different site than BZDs)
and cause prolonged opening of the Cl channel
Metabolized by CYP 2C19 - induce their own metabolism; excreted in the urine
considerations for barbiturates - CORRECT ANSWER -Severe CNS depression - especially when
combined with ETOH
Significant abuse potential- pt can overdose
Neurotransmitters involved in depression - CORRECT ANSWER -*Serotonin - influences anxiety,
sexual behavior, appetite, aggression, pain, obsessions, emesis, learning, psychosis, migraine,
sleep, suicidal ideation
*Norepinephrine - influences level of activity, alertness, appetite, sleep patterns
Dopamine - influences sleep, sexual behavior, level of anxiety and agitation, feelings of
euphoria, addictions
& ANSWERS (100% VERIFIED SOLUTIONS) LATEST
UPDATE
Drugs with CNS effects act of what receptors (neurotransmitters) - CORRECT ANSWER -GABA
Acetylcholine
Seratonin
Dopamine
Norepinephrine
Anti- anxiety drugs, and sedative hypnotic drug classes - CORRECT ANSWER -Benzodiazapimes,
atypical anxiolytics, sedative hypnotics, barbituates
Benzodiazepine drugs - CORRECT ANSWER -All the "pams" plus librium
Alprazolam (Xanax)
Chlordiazepoxide (Librium)
Clonazepam (Klonopin)
Diazepam (Valium)
Lorazepam (Ativan)
Oxazepam (Serax)
Benzodiazepine like drugs - CORRECT ANSWER -Eszopiclone (Lunesta)
Zolpidem (Ambien)
,Mechanism of action of benzodiazepine - CORRECT ANSWER -increases the action of GABA (an
inhibitory neurotransmitter) thereby decreasing neuronal excitation. Benzos bind to the
benzodiazepine receptor.
When GABA increases, it decreases neuronal excitation=reduction in anxiety, muscle relaxation,
and anticonvulsant.
Metabolized in the liver- highly lipid soluble & protein bound
Adverse effects of benzodiazepines - CORRECT ANSWER -Major effects due to action as CNS
depressant- sedation, cardiac and resp depressant, depression, confusion, hypotention
May also see paradoxical anxiety, agitation, and acute rage
Psychological and physical dependence
Considerations with benzodiazepines - CORRECT ANSWER -Development of dependence- must
taper off as it can cause physical and psychological withdrawal symptoms
Xanax and Ativan are more likely to develop dependence. Prescribe Clonazepam (Klonopin) is
less likely for dependence due to its long action.
Benzos are for *short-term* treatment of anxiety
Atypical Anxiolytic - CORRECT ANSWER -Buspirone (Buspar)
Benzodiazepines interact with - CORRECT ANSWER -MAOI's, SSRI's, etoh, antihistamines,
pregnancy category D
,Buspirone (Buspar) MOA - CORRECT ANSWER -Buspirone (BuSpar) - approved for the treatment
of GAD
Full agonist at the pre-synaptic serotinin-1A (5-HT 1a) receptor, also has action at dopamine
receptors
Short half-life, but slow onset of action
Metabolized by oxidation, excreted in urine
Buspirone (Buspar) considerations - CORRECT ANSWER -Absorbed well orally
Should be taken with food to decrease first-pass effect
NOT to be used in individuals with liver or renal disease
Takes 1 to 2 weeks for onset of anxiolytic effects. Up to 6 weeks for maximum effects.
Buspirone (buspar) interacts with - CORRECT ANSWER -Anti psychotics such as haldol- compete
for metabolism site.
Buspirone (Buspar) side effects - CORRECT ANSWER -Nausea, dizziness, headache,
lightheadedness, agitation, insomnia, dry moulth
Buspirone is used in conjuction with - CORRECT ANSWER -SSRI's-augements the response in
individuals with agitated or anxious depression
, Barbiturates - CORRECT ANSWER -Before benzos, barbiturates were the standard treatment for
anxiety. the "bitals"
Anxiolytic, sedative-hypnotic, anticonvulsant.
Phenobarbital
Metharbital
Barbiturates MOA - CORRECT ANSWER -Bind to GABA receptors (at a different site than BZDs)
and cause prolonged opening of the Cl channel
Metabolized by CYP 2C19 - induce their own metabolism; excreted in the urine
considerations for barbiturates - CORRECT ANSWER -Severe CNS depression - especially when
combined with ETOH
Significant abuse potential- pt can overdose
Neurotransmitters involved in depression - CORRECT ANSWER -*Serotonin - influences anxiety,
sexual behavior, appetite, aggression, pain, obsessions, emesis, learning, psychosis, migraine,
sleep, suicidal ideation
*Norepinephrine - influences level of activity, alertness, appetite, sleep patterns
Dopamine - influences sleep, sexual behavior, level of anxiety and agitation, feelings of
euphoria, addictions
