Ortho cs CPM Prep Study Guide/ Ortho cs and
Prosthe cs Combined Wri en Boards exam 2 SETS
COMPILED WITH COMPLETE SOLUTION NEW!!
2025/2026
Describe 3-point pressure system for Ground Reac on AFO. - Answers 1. Posterior directed
force at bial plateau
2. Superior directed force at plantar aspect of calcaneus
3. Superior directed force at plantar aspect of footplate and toes
Which structures are targeted when tes ng the knee for CORONAL plane stability? - Answers
Medial Colateral Ligament (MCL) and Lateral Colateral Ligament (LCL)
Name one accessory o-en used with a free-mo on AFO joint selec on. - Answers T-strap for
valgus or varus control
Which AFO variety would you
recommend for a pa ent with Fair/Zero anterior and posterior compartments and ankle joint
pain? - Answers Solid ankle - set in desired flexion angle
(Rocker bo5om sole helpful)
How would you configure your double ac on ankle joints to provide swing phase clearance and
to minimize foot slap at ini al contact? - Answers Dorsiflexion assist - Spring posterior, free
anterior
Which vertebrae is affected in a Jefferson's fracture?
What is the treatment? - Answers 1. C1 fracture
2. HALO
,Name 3 goals for idiopathic scoliosis treatment. - Answers 1. Achieve spinal balance
2. Prevent curve progression
3. Reduce curve in-brace by at least 50%
Which curve of a double spinal curve is more flexible? - Answers Minor curve
How would you test for "Normal" muscle strength for: Tibialis Posterior? - Answers -Pt is side
lying on test side with foot off table
-Stabilize lower leg proximal to the ankle
-Pt inverts the foot through full ROM with slight plantarflexion
-Apply resistance on the medial border of the forefoot
How would you test for "Normal" muscle strength for: Tibialis Anterior? - Answers -Pt is siBng,
ankle is in plantarflexion
-Support the lower leg and stabilize proximal to the ankle
-Pt dorsiflexes and inverts foot through full ROM
(keeping toes relaxed)
-Apply resistance on the dorso-medial aspect of the forefoot
What are the normal accepted ROM for calcanea inversion and eversion? - Answers 10-20
degrees eversion
20-30 degrees inversion
How would you test for "Normal" muscle strength for: Soleus? - Answers -Pt is prone with feet
off table
-Test knee is flexed to at least 45 degrees
,-Stabilize proximal to the ankle
-Pt plantar flexes through full ROM
-Apply resistance to posterior calcaneus to dorsiflex the ankle
What modifica ons could you make on an AFO for a flexible VARUS deformity? (2) - Answers 1.
Add a lateral "tab" just proximal to the malleolus
(aka Sabolich mod)
2. Extend medial footplate trimline to encompass the 1st met head
Describe 3-point pressure system on UCBL for pes VALGUS/prona on? - Answers 1. Lateral
directed force at arch
2. Medial directed force at lateral calcaneus
3. Medial directed force at head of 5th met
What modifica on would you make to an orthosis for a rigid plantar flexed first ray deformity?
(1) - Answers 1. First ray cut-out
Which curve magnitudes (1) and types (2) are more likely to progress? - Answers 1. Greater
than 30 degrees
2. Single thoracic and double curves
What rota onal prominences will appear during Adam's forward bending test for-
1. Thoracic curve?
2. Lumbar curve? - Answers 1. Rib prominence
2. Paraspinals of lumbar vertebrae
What is the proper width of the opening for a TLSO or LSO? - Answers 1/2" to 3 1/2" gap
, or overlap if bivalve
Describe the lateral trim lines for a LSO? - Answers Superior: Flow from anterior to posterior
Inferior: 1/2" to 1" superior to greater trochanter
- Slightly angled from anterior to posterior
Where is the Center of Gravity located when standing erect? - Answers Anterior to the edge of
S2 vertebrae
Where is the Center of Gravity located in rela on to the following joints? (sagi5al plane)
1. Hip?
2. Knee?
3. Ankle? - Answers 1. Posterior to hip (extension moment)
2. Anterior to knee (extension moment)
3. Anterior to ankle
1. What is the mechanism of injury for a Seat belt fracture?
2. What is another name for it? - Answers 1. Flexion and distrac on
2. aka "Chance fracture"
1. Which spinal orthoses u lize hyperlordosis (2)
2. Why?
3. How? - Answers 1. Jewe5 and Cash
2. Decreases flexion, which reduces compression on anterior vertebral bodies and limits
distrac on of posterior elements
3. Three-point pressure: One force applied anterior and two applied posterior
Prosthe cs Combined Wri en Boards exam 2 SETS
COMPILED WITH COMPLETE SOLUTION NEW!!
2025/2026
Describe 3-point pressure system for Ground Reac on AFO. - Answers 1. Posterior directed
force at bial plateau
2. Superior directed force at plantar aspect of calcaneus
3. Superior directed force at plantar aspect of footplate and toes
Which structures are targeted when tes ng the knee for CORONAL plane stability? - Answers
Medial Colateral Ligament (MCL) and Lateral Colateral Ligament (LCL)
Name one accessory o-en used with a free-mo on AFO joint selec on. - Answers T-strap for
valgus or varus control
Which AFO variety would you
recommend for a pa ent with Fair/Zero anterior and posterior compartments and ankle joint
pain? - Answers Solid ankle - set in desired flexion angle
(Rocker bo5om sole helpful)
How would you configure your double ac on ankle joints to provide swing phase clearance and
to minimize foot slap at ini al contact? - Answers Dorsiflexion assist - Spring posterior, free
anterior
Which vertebrae is affected in a Jefferson's fracture?
What is the treatment? - Answers 1. C1 fracture
2. HALO
,Name 3 goals for idiopathic scoliosis treatment. - Answers 1. Achieve spinal balance
2. Prevent curve progression
3. Reduce curve in-brace by at least 50%
Which curve of a double spinal curve is more flexible? - Answers Minor curve
How would you test for "Normal" muscle strength for: Tibialis Posterior? - Answers -Pt is side
lying on test side with foot off table
-Stabilize lower leg proximal to the ankle
-Pt inverts the foot through full ROM with slight plantarflexion
-Apply resistance on the medial border of the forefoot
How would you test for "Normal" muscle strength for: Tibialis Anterior? - Answers -Pt is siBng,
ankle is in plantarflexion
-Support the lower leg and stabilize proximal to the ankle
-Pt dorsiflexes and inverts foot through full ROM
(keeping toes relaxed)
-Apply resistance on the dorso-medial aspect of the forefoot
What are the normal accepted ROM for calcanea inversion and eversion? - Answers 10-20
degrees eversion
20-30 degrees inversion
How would you test for "Normal" muscle strength for: Soleus? - Answers -Pt is prone with feet
off table
-Test knee is flexed to at least 45 degrees
,-Stabilize proximal to the ankle
-Pt plantar flexes through full ROM
-Apply resistance to posterior calcaneus to dorsiflex the ankle
What modifica ons could you make on an AFO for a flexible VARUS deformity? (2) - Answers 1.
Add a lateral "tab" just proximal to the malleolus
(aka Sabolich mod)
2. Extend medial footplate trimline to encompass the 1st met head
Describe 3-point pressure system on UCBL for pes VALGUS/prona on? - Answers 1. Lateral
directed force at arch
2. Medial directed force at lateral calcaneus
3. Medial directed force at head of 5th met
What modifica on would you make to an orthosis for a rigid plantar flexed first ray deformity?
(1) - Answers 1. First ray cut-out
Which curve magnitudes (1) and types (2) are more likely to progress? - Answers 1. Greater
than 30 degrees
2. Single thoracic and double curves
What rota onal prominences will appear during Adam's forward bending test for-
1. Thoracic curve?
2. Lumbar curve? - Answers 1. Rib prominence
2. Paraspinals of lumbar vertebrae
What is the proper width of the opening for a TLSO or LSO? - Answers 1/2" to 3 1/2" gap
, or overlap if bivalve
Describe the lateral trim lines for a LSO? - Answers Superior: Flow from anterior to posterior
Inferior: 1/2" to 1" superior to greater trochanter
- Slightly angled from anterior to posterior
Where is the Center of Gravity located when standing erect? - Answers Anterior to the edge of
S2 vertebrae
Where is the Center of Gravity located in rela on to the following joints? (sagi5al plane)
1. Hip?
2. Knee?
3. Ankle? - Answers 1. Posterior to hip (extension moment)
2. Anterior to knee (extension moment)
3. Anterior to ankle
1. What is the mechanism of injury for a Seat belt fracture?
2. What is another name for it? - Answers 1. Flexion and distrac on
2. aka "Chance fracture"
1. Which spinal orthoses u lize hyperlordosis (2)
2. Why?
3. How? - Answers 1. Jewe5 and Cash
2. Decreases flexion, which reduces compression on anterior vertebral bodies and limits
distrac on of posterior elements
3. Three-point pressure: One force applied anterior and two applied posterior
