PATH 1000 FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS
WITH VERIFIED ANSWERS.
What is pulmonary disease? - ANS Type of disease that affects the lungs and other
associated parts of the respiratory system.
Describe pulmonary disease - ANS Acute, obstructive, chronic or infectious/non-infectious
Pulmonary disease can be associated with other organs - True or False - ANS True - the heart
in particular
Signs and symptoms of pulmonary disease (8) - ANS -Dyspnea
-Cough
-Sputum
-Pain
-Cyanosis
-Clubbing
-Hemopysis
-Abnormal breathing patterns
Coughing up blood - ANS hemoptysis
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,What is kussmal respiration? - ANS increased respirations and tidal volumes
Alternating breathing patterns of deep and shallow breathing - ANS cheyne-stokes
What is hypoxemia - ANS reduced oxygenation of arterial blood
What is hypoxia? - ANS deficiency in the amount of oxygen reaching the tissues
What happens in respiratory failure? - ANS Defined as inadequate gas exchange. Can result
from injury to lungs, airway or chest wall or indirectly from disease to other body systems
What is flail chest? - ANS Results from fractures of ribs, which allow ribs to move
independently during respiration
Clinical manifestations flail chest? (5) - ANS -Pain in chest
-Tenderness
-Difficulty breathing
-Bruising and inflammation
-Paradoxical movement when breathing
What is primary (spontaneous) pneumothorax? - ANS occurs when a small air blister (bleb)
on the top of the lung ruptures
What is secondary pneumothorax? - ANS Caused by disease, trauma, injury, or condition
What causes iatrogenic pneumothorax? - ANS transthoracic needle aspiration
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,When is the difference between open and closed pneumothorax? - ANS Open air pressure
enters into pleural space during inspiration and exits during expiration. Closed air does not
escape pleural space during expiration
Presence of fluid in plural space - ANS pleural effusion
Collection of blood in the pleural space - ANS hemothorax
Presence of pus in the plural space - ANS Empyema
what is a restrictive lung disorder - ANS decrease compliance of the lung tissue
What is the impact from restrictive lung disorders? - ANS Individuals experience dyspnea,
increased respiratory rate, and decreased tidal volume
Passage of fluid and solid particles into the lung - ANS Aspiration
Clinical manifestations of aspiration? - ANS -Sudden onset of choking
-Intractable cough
-fever
-dyspnea
-Wheezing
Collapse of lung tissue - ANS atelectasis
What are the 3 types of atelectasis? - ANS - Compression
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, - Absorption
- Surfactant
Clinical manifestations of atelectasis? (4) - ANS -Dyspnea
-Fever
-Cough
-Leukocytosis
persistant abnormal dilation of the bronchi - ANS Bronchiectasis
clinical manifestations include: chronic productive cough, a lot of foul smelling sputum,
hemoptysis and clubbing - ANS bronchiectasis
excessive amount of fibrous or connective tissue in the lungs - ANS pulmonary fibrosis
Pathophysiology of pulmonary fibrosis - ANS caused by formation of scar tissue after active
pulmonary diseases, autoimmune disorders, arthritis, or inhalation injuries - chronic
inflammation leads to fibrosis and marked loss of lung compliance
Can occur in otherwise healthy individuals in association with an upper or lower respiratory
tract infection - ANS bronchiolitis in adults
excess water in the lungs - ANS pulmonary edema
causes of pulmonary edema - ANS left sided heart disease or capillary injury
clinical manifestations of pulmonary edema? (5) - ANS -Dyspnea
-Hypoxemia
4 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED
WITH VERIFIED ANSWERS.
What is pulmonary disease? - ANS Type of disease that affects the lungs and other
associated parts of the respiratory system.
Describe pulmonary disease - ANS Acute, obstructive, chronic or infectious/non-infectious
Pulmonary disease can be associated with other organs - True or False - ANS True - the heart
in particular
Signs and symptoms of pulmonary disease (8) - ANS -Dyspnea
-Cough
-Sputum
-Pain
-Cyanosis
-Clubbing
-Hemopysis
-Abnormal breathing patterns
Coughing up blood - ANS hemoptysis
1 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED
,What is kussmal respiration? - ANS increased respirations and tidal volumes
Alternating breathing patterns of deep and shallow breathing - ANS cheyne-stokes
What is hypoxemia - ANS reduced oxygenation of arterial blood
What is hypoxia? - ANS deficiency in the amount of oxygen reaching the tissues
What happens in respiratory failure? - ANS Defined as inadequate gas exchange. Can result
from injury to lungs, airway or chest wall or indirectly from disease to other body systems
What is flail chest? - ANS Results from fractures of ribs, which allow ribs to move
independently during respiration
Clinical manifestations flail chest? (5) - ANS -Pain in chest
-Tenderness
-Difficulty breathing
-Bruising and inflammation
-Paradoxical movement when breathing
What is primary (spontaneous) pneumothorax? - ANS occurs when a small air blister (bleb)
on the top of the lung ruptures
What is secondary pneumothorax? - ANS Caused by disease, trauma, injury, or condition
What causes iatrogenic pneumothorax? - ANS transthoracic needle aspiration
2 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED
,When is the difference between open and closed pneumothorax? - ANS Open air pressure
enters into pleural space during inspiration and exits during expiration. Closed air does not
escape pleural space during expiration
Presence of fluid in plural space - ANS pleural effusion
Collection of blood in the pleural space - ANS hemothorax
Presence of pus in the plural space - ANS Empyema
what is a restrictive lung disorder - ANS decrease compliance of the lung tissue
What is the impact from restrictive lung disorders? - ANS Individuals experience dyspnea,
increased respiratory rate, and decreased tidal volume
Passage of fluid and solid particles into the lung - ANS Aspiration
Clinical manifestations of aspiration? - ANS -Sudden onset of choking
-Intractable cough
-fever
-dyspnea
-Wheezing
Collapse of lung tissue - ANS atelectasis
What are the 3 types of atelectasis? - ANS - Compression
3 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED
, - Absorption
- Surfactant
Clinical manifestations of atelectasis? (4) - ANS -Dyspnea
-Fever
-Cough
-Leukocytosis
persistant abnormal dilation of the bronchi - ANS Bronchiectasis
clinical manifestations include: chronic productive cough, a lot of foul smelling sputum,
hemoptysis and clubbing - ANS bronchiectasis
excessive amount of fibrous or connective tissue in the lungs - ANS pulmonary fibrosis
Pathophysiology of pulmonary fibrosis - ANS caused by formation of scar tissue after active
pulmonary diseases, autoimmune disorders, arthritis, or inhalation injuries - chronic
inflammation leads to fibrosis and marked loss of lung compliance
Can occur in otherwise healthy individuals in association with an upper or lower respiratory
tract infection - ANS bronchiolitis in adults
excess water in the lungs - ANS pulmonary edema
causes of pulmonary edema - ANS left sided heart disease or capillary injury
clinical manifestations of pulmonary edema? (5) - ANS -Dyspnea
-Hypoxemia
4 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED
