AP Psychology - All Terms exam
with question and answer
100% correct
Psychodynamic/psychoanalytic perspective - Focuses on unconscious processes and
childhood experiences affecting behavior.
Evolutionary perspective - Examines how natural selection of traits promotes survival of
genes.
Behavioral perspective - Studies observable behavior and its explanation by principles of
learning.
Biological perspective - Investigates how biological structures and processes impact
behavior.
Cognitive perspective - Explores how we encode, process, store, and retrieve information.
Socio-cultural perspective - Looks at how social and cultural environments influence
behavior.
Biopsychosocial perspective - Considers the combined influence of biological, psychological,
and social factors.
,Curiosity - A desire to learn and understand.
Skepticism - Questioning and doubting accepted ideas.
Humility - Recognition of one's own limitations and mistakes.
Critical thinking - Analyzing information and arguments logically and objectively.
Cultural norms - Shared rules or guidelines within a culture.
Cognitive biases - Systematic patterns of deviation from norm or rationality in judgment.
Confirmation bias - Tendency to search for, interpret, and remember information that
confirms one's beliefs.
Hindsight bias - Belief that one could have predicted an outcome after knowing it occurred.
Overconfidence - Tendency to overestimate one's own abilities and knowledge.
Peer reviewers - Experts who evaluate and critique research before publication.
Theory - Explanation of phenomena based on observations and reasoning.
Hypothesis - Testable prediction derived from a theory.
,Falsifiability - Ability of a hypothesis to be proven false.
Operational definition - Precise description of how variables are measured or manipulated.
Replication - Repeating a study to see if the results can be duplicated.
Variable - Any factor that can change and is measurable.
Participant - Individual who participates in research.
Sample - Subset of individuals selected from a population for a study.
Population - Entire group of individuals a researcher is interested in.
Representative sample - Sample that accurately reflects the characteristics of the population.
Random sampling - Every member of a population has an equal chance of being selected.
Convenience sampling - Selecting participants based on availability and convenience.
Sampling bias - Systematic error due to a non-random sample of a population.
Survey - Research data collection technique that involves asking people questions.
Self-report bias - Participants may not provide accurate or truthful responses.
, Social desirability bias - Tendency to respond in a manner that will be viewed favorably by
others.
Generalizability - Extent to which research findings apply to settings or groups other than the
sample studied.
Case study - In-depth analysis of a single individual or group.
Naturalistic observation - Observing subjects in their natural environment without
interference.
Experiment - Research method involving manipulation of variables to establish cause and
effect.
Random Assignment - Assigning participants to experimental or control groups by chance.
Meta-analysis - Combining data from multiple studies to draw a broader conclusion.
Correlation - Measure of the relationship between two variables.
Correlation coefficient - Numerical representation of the strength and direction of a
relationship between two variables.
Scatterplot - Graph that shows the relationship between two variables using dots.
Independent variable - Variable that is manipulated by the researcher.
with question and answer
100% correct
Psychodynamic/psychoanalytic perspective - Focuses on unconscious processes and
childhood experiences affecting behavior.
Evolutionary perspective - Examines how natural selection of traits promotes survival of
genes.
Behavioral perspective - Studies observable behavior and its explanation by principles of
learning.
Biological perspective - Investigates how biological structures and processes impact
behavior.
Cognitive perspective - Explores how we encode, process, store, and retrieve information.
Socio-cultural perspective - Looks at how social and cultural environments influence
behavior.
Biopsychosocial perspective - Considers the combined influence of biological, psychological,
and social factors.
,Curiosity - A desire to learn and understand.
Skepticism - Questioning and doubting accepted ideas.
Humility - Recognition of one's own limitations and mistakes.
Critical thinking - Analyzing information and arguments logically and objectively.
Cultural norms - Shared rules or guidelines within a culture.
Cognitive biases - Systematic patterns of deviation from norm or rationality in judgment.
Confirmation bias - Tendency to search for, interpret, and remember information that
confirms one's beliefs.
Hindsight bias - Belief that one could have predicted an outcome after knowing it occurred.
Overconfidence - Tendency to overestimate one's own abilities and knowledge.
Peer reviewers - Experts who evaluate and critique research before publication.
Theory - Explanation of phenomena based on observations and reasoning.
Hypothesis - Testable prediction derived from a theory.
,Falsifiability - Ability of a hypothesis to be proven false.
Operational definition - Precise description of how variables are measured or manipulated.
Replication - Repeating a study to see if the results can be duplicated.
Variable - Any factor that can change and is measurable.
Participant - Individual who participates in research.
Sample - Subset of individuals selected from a population for a study.
Population - Entire group of individuals a researcher is interested in.
Representative sample - Sample that accurately reflects the characteristics of the population.
Random sampling - Every member of a population has an equal chance of being selected.
Convenience sampling - Selecting participants based on availability and convenience.
Sampling bias - Systematic error due to a non-random sample of a population.
Survey - Research data collection technique that involves asking people questions.
Self-report bias - Participants may not provide accurate or truthful responses.
, Social desirability bias - Tendency to respond in a manner that will be viewed favorably by
others.
Generalizability - Extent to which research findings apply to settings or groups other than the
sample studied.
Case study - In-depth analysis of a single individual or group.
Naturalistic observation - Observing subjects in their natural environment without
interference.
Experiment - Research method involving manipulation of variables to establish cause and
effect.
Random Assignment - Assigning participants to experimental or control groups by chance.
Meta-analysis - Combining data from multiple studies to draw a broader conclusion.
Correlation - Measure of the relationship between two variables.
Correlation coefficient - Numerical representation of the strength and direction of a
relationship between two variables.
Scatterplot - Graph that shows the relationship between two variables using dots.
Independent variable - Variable that is manipulated by the researcher.
