NURSING FUNDAMENTALS KEISER
UNIVERSITY EXAM 4 QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT ANSWERS. VERIFIED
2025/2026.
Electrolytes - ANS ▪ Capable of conducting electricity
▪ Measured in meq/liter or mg/100ml
▪ *Cations* = Positive ions (NA, K, Ca, Mg)
▪ *Anions* = Negative ions (Cl, bicarbonate HCO3, phosphate Po4)
↓ - ANS
Physiology of Body Fluids & Electrolytes - ANS
- ANS Water (H2O)- approx. 60% of body weight
Function of H2O in body:
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,▪ A medium for metabolic reaction within cells
▪ A transporter for nutrients, waste product & other substances
▪ A lubricant
▪ An insulator & shock absorber
▪ Maintaining of body temperature
Factors affect body H2O:
▪ Age
▪ Sex
▪ Body fat
↓ - ANS
- ANS H2o remain contstant = weight varies by less than 0.2 kg (0.5 lb in 24 hours, regardless
of amount of fluid intake.
▪ Infants has 70% - 80,
▪ Older than 60 yrs 50%
▪ Women have less than men = reason less muscles than men
↓ - ANS
Distribution of body Fluid - ANS
- ANS Fluid Compartments:
*ICF & ECF*
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, *Intracellular Fluid (ICF):*
▪ Within the cells of the body
▪ In adults constitutes 2/3 of total body fluid
▪ Fluid inside the cell = O2, nutrients, electrolytes, glucose
▪ Body fluid constantly change the compartment
▪ *Major electrolyte is Potassium & Mg*
↓ - ANS
- ANS *ICF* is vital for normal cell functioning. It contains solute like *O2, electrolytes,
glucose,* & provides medium for metabolic process of cell.
Although *ECF* is the smaller amount, it is the transport system that *carries O2 & nutrients to
& waste from the body cells. *
↓ - ANS
- ANS *Extracellular Fluid (ECF)* = outside the cells
▪ 1/3 of total body fluid
▪ Major electrolyte is Sodium, Cl, Hco3
Subdivide into 2 compartments:
▪ *Intravascular/Plasma* = (20% of ECF- 3 liters)
Within the vascular system
3 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
UNIVERSITY EXAM 4 QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT ANSWERS. VERIFIED
2025/2026.
Electrolytes - ANS ▪ Capable of conducting electricity
▪ Measured in meq/liter or mg/100ml
▪ *Cations* = Positive ions (NA, K, Ca, Mg)
▪ *Anions* = Negative ions (Cl, bicarbonate HCO3, phosphate Po4)
↓ - ANS
Physiology of Body Fluids & Electrolytes - ANS
- ANS Water (H2O)- approx. 60% of body weight
Function of H2O in body:
1 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
,▪ A medium for metabolic reaction within cells
▪ A transporter for nutrients, waste product & other substances
▪ A lubricant
▪ An insulator & shock absorber
▪ Maintaining of body temperature
Factors affect body H2O:
▪ Age
▪ Sex
▪ Body fat
↓ - ANS
- ANS H2o remain contstant = weight varies by less than 0.2 kg (0.5 lb in 24 hours, regardless
of amount of fluid intake.
▪ Infants has 70% - 80,
▪ Older than 60 yrs 50%
▪ Women have less than men = reason less muscles than men
↓ - ANS
Distribution of body Fluid - ANS
- ANS Fluid Compartments:
*ICF & ECF*
2 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
, *Intracellular Fluid (ICF):*
▪ Within the cells of the body
▪ In adults constitutes 2/3 of total body fluid
▪ Fluid inside the cell = O2, nutrients, electrolytes, glucose
▪ Body fluid constantly change the compartment
▪ *Major electrolyte is Potassium & Mg*
↓ - ANS
- ANS *ICF* is vital for normal cell functioning. It contains solute like *O2, electrolytes,
glucose,* & provides medium for metabolic process of cell.
Although *ECF* is the smaller amount, it is the transport system that *carries O2 & nutrients to
& waste from the body cells. *
↓ - ANS
- ANS *Extracellular Fluid (ECF)* = outside the cells
▪ 1/3 of total body fluid
▪ Major electrolyte is Sodium, Cl, Hco3
Subdivide into 2 compartments:
▪ *Intravascular/Plasma* = (20% of ECF- 3 liters)
Within the vascular system
3 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
