HONDROS BIO 254 FINAL TEST
FUNCTIONS AND PRODUCTS WITH
CORRECT USES
secretin and cholecystokinin - Answer- Two hormones stimulating secretion of
pancreatic juice.
small intestine, duodenum - Answer- source of secretin and cholecystokinin
Lipase - Answer- pancreatic enzyme necessary to digest fats
fatty acids and glycerol - Answer- Products of pancreatic fat digestion.
trypsin and chymotrypsin - Answer- protein digesting enzymes that are activated after
entering the duodenum
peptides and amino acids - Answer- Products of pancreatic protein digestion.
hepatic artery - Answer- Supplies oxygenated blood to the liver
hepatic vein - Answer- the vein that collects blood from the liver and returns it to the
heart
lobules - Answer- functional units of the liver
glycogen - Answer- Storage form of glucose
bile - Answer- A substance produced by the liver that breaks up fat particles.
Gallbladder - Answer- stores bile
common bile duct - Answer- carries bile from the liver and gallbladder to the duodenum
CCK (cholecystokinin) - Answer- hormone contracting gallbladder
Lecithin and bile salts - Answer- bile components emulsifying fats
bile pigments - Answer- waste products from the breakdown of hemoglobin to be
excreted with digestive wastes
parasympathetic - Answer- Autonomic impulses stimulating gastric secretion.
,hydrochloric acid - Answer- the acid of gastric juice
Pepsin - Answer- An enzyme present in gastric juice that begins the hydrolysis of
proteins
peptide - Answer- products of gastric protein digestion
intrinsic factor - Answer- Gastric substance enabling absorption of vitamin B12 by small
intestine.
duodenum - Answer- Segment continuous with the stomach.
ileum - Answer- Segment continuous with the cecum.
mesinteric - Answer- Membranes supporting small intestine.
pyloric sphinctor - Answer- Relaxes to allow chyme to enter the small intestines.
mucous - Answer- Secretion of intestinal glands.
villi - Answer- Fingerlike projections of the mucosa.
Microvilli - Answer- Microscopic folds of exposed epithelial cell membranes.
Cecum - Answer- Pouchlike first part of large intestine.
anus - Answer- External opening of large intestine.
descending colon - Answer- Colon segment along left side of abdomen.
asending colon - Answer- Colon segment along right side of abdomen.
sigmoid colon - Answer- Colon segment continuous with rectum.
vermiform appendix - Answer- Wormlike extension of cecum.
Catabolism (breaking down)
Anabolism (building up) - Answer- What two processes make up metabolism?
Carbohydrates, Fats, and proteins - Answer- What are the three macronutrients in order
of use?
glycogen found in liver - Answer- What is the storage form of Glucose and where can it
be found?
, beta oxidation = acetyl CoA
Ketones
Acidosis - Answer- What processes convert Triglycerides to Acetyl CoA? What side
product of fat metabolism is sometimes produced, and what effect can it have on
homeostasis?
protein anabolism waste product is urea and the body pees it out - Answer- What
processes convert Protein to Glucose? What are the waste products of this, and how
does the body deal with them?
veggies, grains, and plant tissue - Answer- Source of Carbs
meats, plants, grains, nuts and legumes - Answer- Source of Protein
Oils and fats - Answer- Source of fats
Leptin - Answer- What fat regulates hunger and inhibits appetite?
Ghrelin - Answer- What hormone from the stomach regulates hunger and stimulates
appetite?
protein that contains all of the amino acids examples: red meat, poultry, fish, eggs, milk,
cheese, yogurt, soybeans, and quinoa - Answer- What is a complete protein
Combining Incomplete Proteins to Create Complete Proteins - Answer- What is meant
by a complementary protein meal?
Vitamin C (ascorbic acid) - Answer- Antioxidant, Tissue building, iron absorption, found
in Citrus Fruits and juices, vegetables, helps with scurvy, degeneration of skin, and
bone and blood vessels
Thiamin (B1) - Answer- Muscle energy, GI support, coenzyme in citric acid cycle, found
in grains, meats and legumes, helps with Beriberi, altered digestion, CNS and CV
problems, edema
Riboflavin (B2) - Answer- Tissue healing, growth, energy, needed for citric acid cycle,
found in Meats, milk, green leafy vegetables, and helps with inflammation of the skin
and eyes
Niacin (B3) - Answer- Energy and protein metabolism, needed for citric acid cycle,
found in meats and grains, and helps with Pellagra, skin lesions, dementia
Pantothenic Acid (B5) - Answer- Fatty acid metabolism, cell synthesis found in Organ
meats, egg yolk, avocados, broccoli and helps with anemia and loss of coordination,
and decreased gut motility.
FUNCTIONS AND PRODUCTS WITH
CORRECT USES
secretin and cholecystokinin - Answer- Two hormones stimulating secretion of
pancreatic juice.
small intestine, duodenum - Answer- source of secretin and cholecystokinin
Lipase - Answer- pancreatic enzyme necessary to digest fats
fatty acids and glycerol - Answer- Products of pancreatic fat digestion.
trypsin and chymotrypsin - Answer- protein digesting enzymes that are activated after
entering the duodenum
peptides and amino acids - Answer- Products of pancreatic protein digestion.
hepatic artery - Answer- Supplies oxygenated blood to the liver
hepatic vein - Answer- the vein that collects blood from the liver and returns it to the
heart
lobules - Answer- functional units of the liver
glycogen - Answer- Storage form of glucose
bile - Answer- A substance produced by the liver that breaks up fat particles.
Gallbladder - Answer- stores bile
common bile duct - Answer- carries bile from the liver and gallbladder to the duodenum
CCK (cholecystokinin) - Answer- hormone contracting gallbladder
Lecithin and bile salts - Answer- bile components emulsifying fats
bile pigments - Answer- waste products from the breakdown of hemoglobin to be
excreted with digestive wastes
parasympathetic - Answer- Autonomic impulses stimulating gastric secretion.
,hydrochloric acid - Answer- the acid of gastric juice
Pepsin - Answer- An enzyme present in gastric juice that begins the hydrolysis of
proteins
peptide - Answer- products of gastric protein digestion
intrinsic factor - Answer- Gastric substance enabling absorption of vitamin B12 by small
intestine.
duodenum - Answer- Segment continuous with the stomach.
ileum - Answer- Segment continuous with the cecum.
mesinteric - Answer- Membranes supporting small intestine.
pyloric sphinctor - Answer- Relaxes to allow chyme to enter the small intestines.
mucous - Answer- Secretion of intestinal glands.
villi - Answer- Fingerlike projections of the mucosa.
Microvilli - Answer- Microscopic folds of exposed epithelial cell membranes.
Cecum - Answer- Pouchlike first part of large intestine.
anus - Answer- External opening of large intestine.
descending colon - Answer- Colon segment along left side of abdomen.
asending colon - Answer- Colon segment along right side of abdomen.
sigmoid colon - Answer- Colon segment continuous with rectum.
vermiform appendix - Answer- Wormlike extension of cecum.
Catabolism (breaking down)
Anabolism (building up) - Answer- What two processes make up metabolism?
Carbohydrates, Fats, and proteins - Answer- What are the three macronutrients in order
of use?
glycogen found in liver - Answer- What is the storage form of Glucose and where can it
be found?
, beta oxidation = acetyl CoA
Ketones
Acidosis - Answer- What processes convert Triglycerides to Acetyl CoA? What side
product of fat metabolism is sometimes produced, and what effect can it have on
homeostasis?
protein anabolism waste product is urea and the body pees it out - Answer- What
processes convert Protein to Glucose? What are the waste products of this, and how
does the body deal with them?
veggies, grains, and plant tissue - Answer- Source of Carbs
meats, plants, grains, nuts and legumes - Answer- Source of Protein
Oils and fats - Answer- Source of fats
Leptin - Answer- What fat regulates hunger and inhibits appetite?
Ghrelin - Answer- What hormone from the stomach regulates hunger and stimulates
appetite?
protein that contains all of the amino acids examples: red meat, poultry, fish, eggs, milk,
cheese, yogurt, soybeans, and quinoa - Answer- What is a complete protein
Combining Incomplete Proteins to Create Complete Proteins - Answer- What is meant
by a complementary protein meal?
Vitamin C (ascorbic acid) - Answer- Antioxidant, Tissue building, iron absorption, found
in Citrus Fruits and juices, vegetables, helps with scurvy, degeneration of skin, and
bone and blood vessels
Thiamin (B1) - Answer- Muscle energy, GI support, coenzyme in citric acid cycle, found
in grains, meats and legumes, helps with Beriberi, altered digestion, CNS and CV
problems, edema
Riboflavin (B2) - Answer- Tissue healing, growth, energy, needed for citric acid cycle,
found in Meats, milk, green leafy vegetables, and helps with inflammation of the skin
and eyes
Niacin (B3) - Answer- Energy and protein metabolism, needed for citric acid cycle,
found in meats and grains, and helps with Pellagra, skin lesions, dementia
Pantothenic Acid (B5) - Answer- Fatty acid metabolism, cell synthesis found in Organ
meats, egg yolk, avocados, broccoli and helps with anemia and loss of coordination,
and decreased gut motility.
