Exam 4 Stroke questions with answers
rated A+
NIH stroke scale - correct answer ✔✔ symptoms scored (0-2) / (0-4)
Glasgow coma scale - correct answer ✔✔ 15 best
8 or less = coma
3 = totally unresponsive
Stroke types - correct answer ✔✔ thrombus, embolism, hemorrhage
Stroke description - correct answer ✔✔ brain requires a continuous supply of blood to provide
the oxygen and glucose that neurons need to function. A stroke occurs when blood flow to the
brain is interrupted. Inadequate blood flow causes ischemia to a part of the brain. Wherever
ischemia occurs to a part of the brain, cells die. The result is neurologic deficits and tissue
damage. Function such as movement, sensation, or emotion that were controlled by the
affected area of the brain are lost or impaired. The severity of the loss of function varies
according to the location and extent of the brain damage.
You may hear the terms "brain attack" or "cerebrovascular accident (CVA)" used to describe
stroke. The use of "brain attack" is done to communicate the URGENCY of recognizing the
clinical manifestations of a stroke. In the hospital you may hear overhead paged "Stroke Alert"
ER.
etiology - correct answer ✔✔ brain has the highest metabolic rate of any of the organs in the
human body. Brain tissue is unable to store glucose or oxygen, so it has to have a constant flow
of blood to provide the oxygen and glucose needed for normal function. The brain receives 25%
of the cardiac output through the internal carotid and vertebral arteries. Any disruption in blood
,flow will result in ischemia if there is no collateral circulation available, and will rapidly lead to
cell death. Blood flow can be disturbed by occlusion or by rupture of a vessel.
Ischemic strokes are caused by vessel occlusion and account for about 88% of all strokes that
occur. Hemorrhagic strokes happen due to vessel rupture and account for the other 12% of
strokes.
incidence - correct answer ✔✔ Every 45 seconds someone in the United States has a stroke.
Every 3 minutes someone dies of a stroke. Over half of them are women. And death rates are
higher for minorities, especially among African-Americans. And strokes tend to occur more
often in the southern United States, referred to as the "stroke belt,' probably due to the larger
older population, tobacco use, obesity, and high fat diet more common in the south.
The most effective way to decrease the burden of stroke is prevention.
risk factors - correct answer ✔✔ HTN, diabetes mellitus, genetic predisposition, prior TIAs, oral
contraceptives
include both modifiable and non-modifiable factors. Age is the biggest factor, but 28% of all
strokes occur in people that are younger than age 65. Starting on page 1390 in Lewis describes
the risk factors for stroke. Can you name a few?
(Non-modifiable: age, gender, race, ethnicity, family history, heredity. ....Modifiable: HTN, heart
disease, Diabetes, Smoking, abdominal obesity, physical inactivity, poor diet, elevated
cholesterol, smoking and drug use.
You may be surprised to see such conditions as diabetes and hypertension listed as modifiable
risk factors, but they are considered modifiable because they can be altered through lifestyle
changes and medical treatment. Atherosclerosis is a major cause of stroke as it can lead to
, thrombus formation and contribute to embolus development. Atrial fibrillation is associated
with stroke risk.
two main categories - correct answer ✔✔ ischemic and hemorrhagic, based on the pathology of
the lesion or infarct that develops
Transient Ischemic Attacks (TIA)
Temporary deficits
Impaired circulation
Medical or Surgical Tx - correct answer ✔✔ A TIA is a transient episode of neurologic
dysfunction caused by focal brain, spinal cord, or retinal ischemia, but without acute infarction
of the brain. Clinically symptoms typically last less than 1 hour. Although TIAs resolve, one third
will progress to an ischemic stroke.
attacks are brief, fleeting attacks of neurologic impairments caused by ischemia, usually from
fatty plaques or micro-emboli. RIND stands for ...Reversible Ischemic Neurologic Deficit. They
are the same in terms of symptoms. The difference is strictly the length of time that symptoms
last. The reason that symptoms are reversible with TIAs/RINDS is because the ischemia has
occurred without infarction. The interruption of blood flow is incomplete and /or is very
temporary. This prevents infarction. Do you remember what infarction is? (tissue death -
necrosis - that is caused specifically by a local lack of oxygen due to obstructed blood supply to
the area)
Symptoms can include visual loss in one eye, diplopia, light-headedness, speech disturbances,
numbness, variable changes in consciousness, and weakness or paralysis on one side of the
body, including facial droop. The symptoms of TIA or RIND are focal symptoms - they affect one
area. Global deficits such as confusion or lethargy are not a part of TIAs or RINDs. The
symptoms of TIAs and RINDs also do not commonly wax and wane.
Normally these attacks come on rapidly. Symptoms last from a few moments to as long as 24
hours, but no longer than 24 hours for a TIA. Typically, the symptoms of a TIA resolve within 30-
rated A+
NIH stroke scale - correct answer ✔✔ symptoms scored (0-2) / (0-4)
Glasgow coma scale - correct answer ✔✔ 15 best
8 or less = coma
3 = totally unresponsive
Stroke types - correct answer ✔✔ thrombus, embolism, hemorrhage
Stroke description - correct answer ✔✔ brain requires a continuous supply of blood to provide
the oxygen and glucose that neurons need to function. A stroke occurs when blood flow to the
brain is interrupted. Inadequate blood flow causes ischemia to a part of the brain. Wherever
ischemia occurs to a part of the brain, cells die. The result is neurologic deficits and tissue
damage. Function such as movement, sensation, or emotion that were controlled by the
affected area of the brain are lost or impaired. The severity of the loss of function varies
according to the location and extent of the brain damage.
You may hear the terms "brain attack" or "cerebrovascular accident (CVA)" used to describe
stroke. The use of "brain attack" is done to communicate the URGENCY of recognizing the
clinical manifestations of a stroke. In the hospital you may hear overhead paged "Stroke Alert"
ER.
etiology - correct answer ✔✔ brain has the highest metabolic rate of any of the organs in the
human body. Brain tissue is unable to store glucose or oxygen, so it has to have a constant flow
of blood to provide the oxygen and glucose needed for normal function. The brain receives 25%
of the cardiac output through the internal carotid and vertebral arteries. Any disruption in blood
,flow will result in ischemia if there is no collateral circulation available, and will rapidly lead to
cell death. Blood flow can be disturbed by occlusion or by rupture of a vessel.
Ischemic strokes are caused by vessel occlusion and account for about 88% of all strokes that
occur. Hemorrhagic strokes happen due to vessel rupture and account for the other 12% of
strokes.
incidence - correct answer ✔✔ Every 45 seconds someone in the United States has a stroke.
Every 3 minutes someone dies of a stroke. Over half of them are women. And death rates are
higher for minorities, especially among African-Americans. And strokes tend to occur more
often in the southern United States, referred to as the "stroke belt,' probably due to the larger
older population, tobacco use, obesity, and high fat diet more common in the south.
The most effective way to decrease the burden of stroke is prevention.
risk factors - correct answer ✔✔ HTN, diabetes mellitus, genetic predisposition, prior TIAs, oral
contraceptives
include both modifiable and non-modifiable factors. Age is the biggest factor, but 28% of all
strokes occur in people that are younger than age 65. Starting on page 1390 in Lewis describes
the risk factors for stroke. Can you name a few?
(Non-modifiable: age, gender, race, ethnicity, family history, heredity. ....Modifiable: HTN, heart
disease, Diabetes, Smoking, abdominal obesity, physical inactivity, poor diet, elevated
cholesterol, smoking and drug use.
You may be surprised to see such conditions as diabetes and hypertension listed as modifiable
risk factors, but they are considered modifiable because they can be altered through lifestyle
changes and medical treatment. Atherosclerosis is a major cause of stroke as it can lead to
, thrombus formation and contribute to embolus development. Atrial fibrillation is associated
with stroke risk.
two main categories - correct answer ✔✔ ischemic and hemorrhagic, based on the pathology of
the lesion or infarct that develops
Transient Ischemic Attacks (TIA)
Temporary deficits
Impaired circulation
Medical or Surgical Tx - correct answer ✔✔ A TIA is a transient episode of neurologic
dysfunction caused by focal brain, spinal cord, or retinal ischemia, but without acute infarction
of the brain. Clinically symptoms typically last less than 1 hour. Although TIAs resolve, one third
will progress to an ischemic stroke.
attacks are brief, fleeting attacks of neurologic impairments caused by ischemia, usually from
fatty plaques or micro-emboli. RIND stands for ...Reversible Ischemic Neurologic Deficit. They
are the same in terms of symptoms. The difference is strictly the length of time that symptoms
last. The reason that symptoms are reversible with TIAs/RINDS is because the ischemia has
occurred without infarction. The interruption of blood flow is incomplete and /or is very
temporary. This prevents infarction. Do you remember what infarction is? (tissue death -
necrosis - that is caused specifically by a local lack of oxygen due to obstructed blood supply to
the area)
Symptoms can include visual loss in one eye, diplopia, light-headedness, speech disturbances,
numbness, variable changes in consciousness, and weakness or paralysis on one side of the
body, including facial droop. The symptoms of TIA or RIND are focal symptoms - they affect one
area. Global deficits such as confusion or lethargy are not a part of TIAs or RINDs. The
symptoms of TIAs and RINDs also do not commonly wax and wane.
Normally these attacks come on rapidly. Symptoms last from a few moments to as long as 24
hours, but no longer than 24 hours for a TIA. Typically, the symptoms of a TIA resolve within 30-
