Pathophysiology Study Guide Based on The Biologic Basis for Disease in Adults & Children (8th Edition – McCance & Huether) Complete System Breakdown & Clinical Concepts 2025

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PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
THE3BIOLOGIC3BASIS3FOR3DISEASE3IN3ADULTS3AND3CHILDREN
8th3Edition

Kathryn3L.3McCance,3Sue3E.3Huether

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Contents
Chapter301:3Cellular3Biology................................................................................................................ 4
Chapter302:3Altered3Cellular3and3Tissue3Biology:3Environmental3Agents ............................................. 18
Chapter303:3The3Cellular3Environment:3Fluids3and3Electrolytes,3Acids3and3Bases................................. 31
Chapter304:3Genes3and3Genetic3Diseases .......................................................................................... 44
Chapter305:3Genes,3Environment-Lifestyle,3and3Common3Diseases ..................................................... 55
Chapter306:3Epigenetics3and3Disease ................................................................................................. 63
Chapter307:3Innate3Immunity:3Inflammation 3and3Wound3Healing....................................................... 68
Chapter308:3Adaptive3Immunity ........................................................................................................ 83
Chapter309:3Alterations3in3Immunity3and3Inflammation ..................................................................... 95
Chapter310:3Infection...................................................................................................................... 108
Chapter311:3Stress3and3Disease ....................................................................................................... 117
Chapter312:3Cancer3Biology............................................................................................................. 124
Chapter313:3Cancer3Epidemiology.................................................................................................... 137
Chapter314:3Cancer3in3Children ....................................................................................................... 143
Chapter315:3Structure3and3Function3of3the3Neurologic3System ......................................................... 148
Chapter316:3Pain,3Temperature3Regulation, 3Sleep,3and3Sensory3Function ......................................... 159
Chapter317:3Alterations3in3Cognitive3Systems,3Cerebral3Hemodynamics, 3and3Motor3Function ........... 174
Chapter318:3Disorders3of3the3Central3and3Peripheral3Nervous3Systems3and3the3Neuromuscular3Junction
. .................................................................................................................................................... 188
Chapter319:3Neurobiology3of3Schizophrenia, 3Mood3Disorders, 3and3Anxiety3Disorders ....................... 199
Chapter320:3Alterations3of3Neurologic3Function3in3Children.............................................................. 206
Chapter321:3Mechanisms3of3Hormonal3Regulation ........................................................................... 213
Chapter322:3Alterations3of3Hormonal3Regulation ............................................................................. 222
Chapter323:3Obesity3and3Disorders3of3Nutrition............................................................................... 234
Chapter324:3Structure3and3Function3of3the3Reproductive3Systems.................................................... 239
Chapter325:3Alterations3of3the3Female3Reproductive3System............................................................ 249
Chapter326:3Alterations3of3the3Male3Reproductive3System............................................................... 259
Chapter327:3Sexually3Transmitted 3Infections .................................................................................... 265
Chapter328:3Structure3and3Function3of3the3Hematologic3System ...................................................... 273
Chapter329:3Alterations3of3Erythrocytes, 3Platelets, 3and3Hemostatic3Function .................................... 283

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Chapter330:3Alterations3of3Leukocyte3and3Lymphoid3Function.......................................................... 293
Chapter331:3Alterations3of3Hematologic3Function3in3Children ........................................................... 300
Chapter332:3Structure3and3Function3of3the3Cardiovascular3and3Lymphatic3Systems........................... 311
Chapter333:3Alterations3of3Cardiovascular3Function ......................................................................... 324
Chapter334:3Alterations3of3Cardiovascular3Function3in3Children ........................................................ 338
Chapter335:3Structure3and3Function3of3the3Pulmonary3System ......................................................... 346
Chapter336:3Alterations3of3Pulmonary3Function ............................................................................... 356
Chapter337:3Alterations3of3Pulmonary3Function3in3Children.............................................................. 373
Chapter338:3Structure3and3Function3of3the3Renal3and3Urologic3Systems ........................................... 381
Chapter339:3Alterations3of3Renal3and3Urinary3Tract3Function ........................................................... 391
Chapter340:3Alterations3of3Renal3and3Urinary3Tract3Function3in3Children.......................................... 401
Chapter341:3Structure3and3Function3of3the3Digestive3System ........................................................... 409
Chapter342:3Alterations3of3Digestive3Function.................................................................................. 421
Chapter343:3Alterations3of3Digestive3Function3in3Children ................................................................ 432
Chapter344:3Structure3and3Function3of3the3Musculoskeletal3System ................................................. 441
Chapter345:3Alterations3of3Musculoskeletal3Function ....................................................................... 453
Chapter346:3Alterations3of3Musculoskeletal3Function3in3Children...................................................... 466
Chapter347:3Structure,3Function,3and3Disorders3of3the3Integument................................................... 475
Chapter348:3Alterations3of3the3Integument3in3Children .................................................................... 486
Chapter349:3Shock,3Multiple3Organ3Dysfunction 3Syndrome, 3and3Burns3in3Adults............................... 494
Chapter350:3Shock,3Multiple3Organ3Dysfunction 3Syndrome, 3and3Burns3in3Children............................ 502

, Test3Bank3-3Pathophysiology:3The3Biologic3Basis3for3Disease3in3Adults3and3Children3(8th)3 3 4




Chapter301:3Cellular3Biology

MULTIPLE3CHOICE

1. Which3statement3best3describes3the3cellular3function3of3metabolic3absorption?
a. Cells3can3produce3proteins.
b. Cells3can3secrete3digestive3enzymes.
c. Cells3can3take3in3and3use3nutrients.
d. Cells3can3synthesize3fats.

ANS:3 C
In3metabolic3absorption,3all3cells3take3in3and3use3nutrients3and3other3substances3from3their3surround
ings.3The3remaining3options3are3not3inclusive3in3their3descriptions3of3cellular3metabolic3absorption.

PTS:3 3 1 DIF: Cognitive3Level:3Remembering

2. Where3is3most3of3a3cell’s3genetic3information,3including3RNA3and3DNA,3contained?
a. Mitochondria
b. Ribosome
c. Nucleolus
d. Lysosome

ANS:3 C
The3nucleus3contains3the3nucleolus,3a3small3dense3structure3composed3largely3of3RNA,3most3of
3the3cellular3DNA,3and3the3DNA-

binding3proteins,3such3as3the3histones,3which3regulate3its3activity.3The3mitochondria3are3respon
sible3for3cellular3respiration3and3energy3production.
Ribosomes’3chief3function3is3to3provide3sites3for3cellular3protein3synthesis.3Lysosomes3function
3as3the3intracellular3digestive 3system.


PTS:3 3 1 DIF: Cognitive3Level:3Remembering

3. Which3component3of3the3cell3produces3hydrogen3peroxide3(H2O2)3by3using3oxygen3to3remov
e3hydrogen3atoms3from3specific3substrates3in3an3oxidative3reaction?
a. Lysosomes
b. Peroxisomes
c. Ribosomes
d. Endosome

ANS:3 B