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BSC 2010 Exam 2 Questions with Answers
(100% Correct Answers)
What makes prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells different from one another? What
features do all cells have? Answer: Eukaryotic cells: membrane-enclosed
organelles, nucleus, generally larger, DNA contained in nucleus
Prokaryotic cells: organelles are not membrane-enclosed, no nucleus, generally
smaller in size, DNA contained in nucleoid
All cells: cell (plasma) membrane, cytosol, chromosomes, ribosomes
Why does the surface area-to-volume ratio place a limit on the size of cells?
Answer: The surface area determines how much can pass through the
boundary of the cell at once, so if the volume is too large for the surface area
then not enough nutrients, oxygen, and waste will be able to pass in and out of
the cell which will eventually lead to cell death.
Explain the structure and function of the nucleus. Include a description of the
nuclear envelope and nuclear pores. Answer: Nucleus is made up of 3 parts:
-chromatin=material consisting of DNA and proteins
-nucleolus=non-membranous structure involved in production of ribosomes; a
nucleus has one or more
-nuclear envelope=double membrane enclosing the nucleus; perforated by
nuclear pores which allow substances in and out of nucleus; continuous with
the ER
Function of nucleus: contains most of the genes of a cell, protein synthesis
, 2
Name 2 places genes are found in animal cells. Answer: -nucleus
-mitochondria
-(chloroplasts in plant cells)
What do ribosomes do in cells? What 2 types of macromolecules are ribosomes
constructed from? Answer: -protein synthesis
Ribosomes are constructed from: nucleic acid (rRNA) and protein
What is the difference between free and bound ribosomes? Answer: Free
ribosomes: suspended in the cytosol, most proteins formed by these function
within the cytosol
Bound ribosomes: attached to the outside of endoplasmic reticulum or nuclear
envelope, generally make proteins that are used for insertion into membranes,
for packaging within certain organelles, or for export from the cell
Where in a cell are the proteins made by free ribosomes found? Answer: cytosol
Where are all proteins made by bound ribosomes (RER) found? Answer:
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (RER) (?)
List all organelles whose membranes are considered part of the endomembrane
system. What functions does the EMS serve for the cell? Answer: EMS: nuclear
envelope (nucleus), endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, lysosomes,
various vesicles and vacuoles, plasma membrane
Function of EMS: synthesis of proteins, transport of proteins into membranes
and organelles or out of the cell, metabolism and movement of lipids,
detoxification of poisons
BSC 2010 Exam 2 Questions with Answers
(100% Correct Answers)
What makes prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells different from one another? What
features do all cells have? Answer: Eukaryotic cells: membrane-enclosed
organelles, nucleus, generally larger, DNA contained in nucleus
Prokaryotic cells: organelles are not membrane-enclosed, no nucleus, generally
smaller in size, DNA contained in nucleoid
All cells: cell (plasma) membrane, cytosol, chromosomes, ribosomes
Why does the surface area-to-volume ratio place a limit on the size of cells?
Answer: The surface area determines how much can pass through the
boundary of the cell at once, so if the volume is too large for the surface area
then not enough nutrients, oxygen, and waste will be able to pass in and out of
the cell which will eventually lead to cell death.
Explain the structure and function of the nucleus. Include a description of the
nuclear envelope and nuclear pores. Answer: Nucleus is made up of 3 parts:
-chromatin=material consisting of DNA and proteins
-nucleolus=non-membranous structure involved in production of ribosomes; a
nucleus has one or more
-nuclear envelope=double membrane enclosing the nucleus; perforated by
nuclear pores which allow substances in and out of nucleus; continuous with
the ER
Function of nucleus: contains most of the genes of a cell, protein synthesis
, 2
Name 2 places genes are found in animal cells. Answer: -nucleus
-mitochondria
-(chloroplasts in plant cells)
What do ribosomes do in cells? What 2 types of macromolecules are ribosomes
constructed from? Answer: -protein synthesis
Ribosomes are constructed from: nucleic acid (rRNA) and protein
What is the difference between free and bound ribosomes? Answer: Free
ribosomes: suspended in the cytosol, most proteins formed by these function
within the cytosol
Bound ribosomes: attached to the outside of endoplasmic reticulum or nuclear
envelope, generally make proteins that are used for insertion into membranes,
for packaging within certain organelles, or for export from the cell
Where in a cell are the proteins made by free ribosomes found? Answer: cytosol
Where are all proteins made by bound ribosomes (RER) found? Answer:
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (RER) (?)
List all organelles whose membranes are considered part of the endomembrane
system. What functions does the EMS serve for the cell? Answer: EMS: nuclear
envelope (nucleus), endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, lysosomes,
various vesicles and vacuoles, plasma membrane
Function of EMS: synthesis of proteins, transport of proteins into membranes
and organelles or out of the cell, metabolism and movement of lipids,
detoxification of poisons
