PAT201 FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS | RATED A+
1. primary brain injury: original trauma
2. secondary brain injury: consequence of alterations in cerebral blood flow, intracranial pressure, and
oxygen delivery
3. cerebral hypoxia: impaired oxygen supply while maintaining adequate blood flow (perfusion); decreased
oxygen levels in all brain tissue
4. cerebral ischemia: impaired blood flow to brain; interferes with delivery of oxygen and glucose and removal
of metabolic wastes = death of neurons
5. types of ischemia: focal, global
6. focal cerebral ischemia: specific region/area of brain not adequately perfused (i.e. stroke)
7. global cerebral ischemia: blood flow to entire brain is compromised (i.e. hypovolemia, MI, HF)
8. cerebral infarction: death of brain cells due to lack of adequate blood supply to brain cells deprives them
of oxygen and vital nutrients; could be ischemic or hemorrhagic
9. risk factors for stroke: - poorly controlled or uncontrolled HTN
- smoking
- insulin resistance and diabetes
- polycythemia, thrombocythemia, sickle cell disease
- high total cholesterol, low HDL, elevated lipoprotein(a)
- obesity
- physical inactivity
- congestive heart disease, peripheral vascular disease
- AF
- family hx and genetics
- sleep apnea
- depression
- chlamydia pneumoniae infection
- postmenopausal hormone therapy
- high sodium intake; low potassium intake
- hyperhomocysteinemia
10. ischemic stroke: obstructed blood flow to cerebral artery
11. hemorrhagic stroke: bleeding in brain due to HTN, tumors, coagulation disorders, trauma, illicit drug use
(cocaine)
1/2
1. primary brain injury: original trauma
2. secondary brain injury: consequence of alterations in cerebral blood flow, intracranial pressure, and
oxygen delivery
3. cerebral hypoxia: impaired oxygen supply while maintaining adequate blood flow (perfusion); decreased
oxygen levels in all brain tissue
4. cerebral ischemia: impaired blood flow to brain; interferes with delivery of oxygen and glucose and removal
of metabolic wastes = death of neurons
5. types of ischemia: focal, global
6. focal cerebral ischemia: specific region/area of brain not adequately perfused (i.e. stroke)
7. global cerebral ischemia: blood flow to entire brain is compromised (i.e. hypovolemia, MI, HF)
8. cerebral infarction: death of brain cells due to lack of adequate blood supply to brain cells deprives them
of oxygen and vital nutrients; could be ischemic or hemorrhagic
9. risk factors for stroke: - poorly controlled or uncontrolled HTN
- smoking
- insulin resistance and diabetes
- polycythemia, thrombocythemia, sickle cell disease
- high total cholesterol, low HDL, elevated lipoprotein(a)
- obesity
- physical inactivity
- congestive heart disease, peripheral vascular disease
- AF
- family hx and genetics
- sleep apnea
- depression
- chlamydia pneumoniae infection
- postmenopausal hormone therapy
- high sodium intake; low potassium intake
- hyperhomocysteinemia
10. ischemic stroke: obstructed blood flow to cerebral artery
11. hemorrhagic stroke: bleeding in brain due to HTN, tumors, coagulation disorders, trauma, illicit drug use
(cocaine)
1/2
