CPESC Exam with accurate detailed solutions ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
Erosion - correct answer✔✔process in which, by the actions of wind and/or water, soil
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
particles detached and transported ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
Sediment - correct answer✔✔eroded material suspended in wind or water ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
Sedimentation - correct answer✔✔deposition of eroded material ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
Types of Erosion - correct answer✔✔splash
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
sheet
rill
gully
channel
Splash erosion - correct answer✔✔raindrop impact energy is enough to dislodge surface
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
sediments
sheet erosion - correct answer✔✔caused by rain splash detaching soil particles lifting them
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
up and removing them by shallow "sheets" of water flowing down the sloped soil surface
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
Rill Erosion - correct answer✔✔as flow concentrates, small channels begin to form in the soil
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
surface
||\\//||
Gully Erosion - correct answer✔✔Formed when runoff cuts rills deeper and wider or when
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
flows from several rills come together and form a large channels
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
,Channel Erosion - correct answer✔✔may become unstable due to increased flows or
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
changes in upstream sediment load ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
Natural erosion - correct answer✔✔generally considered due to the influences of climate on
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
the surface of the earth
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
Accelerated erosion - correct answer✔✔natural erosion plus human activities ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
What problems can accelerated erosion cause? - correct answer✔✔Unrestricted
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
development
removal of surface cover ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
increased imperviousness ||\\//||
poor stewardship ||\\//||
Problems associated with construction related erosion - correct answer✔✔problems for
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
down slope property owners ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
nuisance problems on streets ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
clog streams and storm drains
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
increased turbidity downstream ||\\//|| ||\\//||
cover sensitive habitat with sediment
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
Identify instream damages of sediment - correct answer✔✔destruction of spawning areas,
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
food sources, habitat
||\\//|| ||\\//||
direct toxicity to wildlife ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
lake degradation
||\\//||
filling of navigation channels ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
impacts to commercial fisheries ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
,reduction of water storage capacities ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
Suspended material - correct answer✔✔sediment can affect light penetration, channel
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
stability, fisheries and habitat ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
Name Off stream damages - correct answer✔✔Increased flood hazards
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
increased water treatment costs ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
decreased capacity in conveyance facilities ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
higher infrastructure maintenance costs
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
What has increased the amount of impervious surface in our watersheds? - correct
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
answer✔✔Urbanization and development ||\\//|| ||\\//||
priority pollutants include - correct answer✔✔nutrients
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
pathogens
heavy metals ||\\//||
toxics
sediment
salts
detergents
hydro carbons
||\\//||
Clean Water Act (CWA) - correct answer✔✔Federal Water Pollution Control Act enacted to
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
restore and maintain the chemical, physical and biological integrity of the waters of the US
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
administered by USEPA ||\\//|| ||\\//||
, Section 401 - correct answer✔✔water quality certification ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
requires applicant, including any construction or operation of a facility, to obtain certification
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
to discharge ANY pollutant.
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
administered by the State ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
Section 402 - correct answer✔✔NPDES Regs ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
NPDES - correct answer✔✔National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
MS4 - correct answer✔✔Municipal Separate Storm Sewers Systems
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
NURP - correct answer✔✔Nationwide Urban Runoff Program
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
1987-1983
led to EPA regulating stormwater
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
Phase I ||\\//||
(1987 - 1992) - correct answer✔✔already covered by NPDES permit
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
facilities that engage in industrial activity ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
Large municipal storm systems (>250,000)
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
Medium municipal storms systems (100 - 250 K) ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
facilities that EPA said were significant contributors ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
Storm Water Implementation Rule - correct answer✔✔enacted April 1992, identified
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
minimum requirements for NPDES stormwater permits ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
Section 404 - correct answer✔✔regulates dredge / fill permitting into waters of the US
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
administered by USACE ||\\//|| ||\\//||
Erosion - correct answer✔✔process in which, by the actions of wind and/or water, soil
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
particles detached and transported ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
Sediment - correct answer✔✔eroded material suspended in wind or water ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
Sedimentation - correct answer✔✔deposition of eroded material ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
Types of Erosion - correct answer✔✔splash
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
sheet
rill
gully
channel
Splash erosion - correct answer✔✔raindrop impact energy is enough to dislodge surface
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
sediments
sheet erosion - correct answer✔✔caused by rain splash detaching soil particles lifting them
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
up and removing them by shallow "sheets" of water flowing down the sloped soil surface
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
Rill Erosion - correct answer✔✔as flow concentrates, small channels begin to form in the soil
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
surface
||\\//||
Gully Erosion - correct answer✔✔Formed when runoff cuts rills deeper and wider or when
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
flows from several rills come together and form a large channels
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
,Channel Erosion - correct answer✔✔may become unstable due to increased flows or
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
changes in upstream sediment load ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
Natural erosion - correct answer✔✔generally considered due to the influences of climate on
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
the surface of the earth
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
Accelerated erosion - correct answer✔✔natural erosion plus human activities ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
What problems can accelerated erosion cause? - correct answer✔✔Unrestricted
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
development
removal of surface cover ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
increased imperviousness ||\\//||
poor stewardship ||\\//||
Problems associated with construction related erosion - correct answer✔✔problems for
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
down slope property owners ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
nuisance problems on streets ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
clog streams and storm drains
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
increased turbidity downstream ||\\//|| ||\\//||
cover sensitive habitat with sediment
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
Identify instream damages of sediment - correct answer✔✔destruction of spawning areas,
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
food sources, habitat
||\\//|| ||\\//||
direct toxicity to wildlife ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
lake degradation
||\\//||
filling of navigation channels ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
impacts to commercial fisheries ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
,reduction of water storage capacities ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
Suspended material - correct answer✔✔sediment can affect light penetration, channel
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
stability, fisheries and habitat ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
Name Off stream damages - correct answer✔✔Increased flood hazards
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
increased water treatment costs ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
decreased capacity in conveyance facilities ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
higher infrastructure maintenance costs
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
What has increased the amount of impervious surface in our watersheds? - correct
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
answer✔✔Urbanization and development ||\\//|| ||\\//||
priority pollutants include - correct answer✔✔nutrients
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
pathogens
heavy metals ||\\//||
toxics
sediment
salts
detergents
hydro carbons
||\\//||
Clean Water Act (CWA) - correct answer✔✔Federal Water Pollution Control Act enacted to
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
restore and maintain the chemical, physical and biological integrity of the waters of the US
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
administered by USEPA ||\\//|| ||\\//||
, Section 401 - correct answer✔✔water quality certification ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
requires applicant, including any construction or operation of a facility, to obtain certification
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
to discharge ANY pollutant.
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
administered by the State ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
Section 402 - correct answer✔✔NPDES Regs ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
NPDES - correct answer✔✔National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
MS4 - correct answer✔✔Municipal Separate Storm Sewers Systems
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
NURP - correct answer✔✔Nationwide Urban Runoff Program
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
1987-1983
led to EPA regulating stormwater
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
Phase I ||\\//||
(1987 - 1992) - correct answer✔✔already covered by NPDES permit
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
facilities that engage in industrial activity ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
Large municipal storm systems (>250,000)
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
Medium municipal storms systems (100 - 250 K) ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
facilities that EPA said were significant contributors ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
Storm Water Implementation Rule - correct answer✔✔enacted April 1992, identified
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
minimum requirements for NPDES stormwater permits ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
Section 404 - correct answer✔✔regulates dredge / fill permitting into waters of the US
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
administered by USACE ||\\//|| ||\\//||
