Page 1 of 130
EXAM 1: NSG320 / NSG 320 (LATEST UPDATE 2025)
ADULT HEALTH NURSING I EXAM | QUESTIONS AND
VERIFIED ANSWERS | 100% CORRECT | GRADE A -
GCU
type 1 diabetes .....ANSWER.....autoimmune destruction of beta
cells; autoantibodies present for months/years before clinical sx;
insufficient production of insulin; ketosis prone
type 2 diabetes .....ANSWER.....may be associated with lifestyle
choices; defective beta cell secretion of insulin; insulin resistance;
excess glucose production in liver; altered glucose and fat
metabolism; decreased uptake of glucose from muscles
significance of diabetes .....ANSWER.....major cause of death in
US; leading cause of: CVD (CAD, HF, PVDs), peripheral
neuropathy, nephropathy, retinopathy
,Page 2 of 130
ethnic backgrounds most at risk for diabetes
.....ANSWER.....Native Americans & Alaska Natives; Blacks;
Hispanics; Asians & Pacific Islanders
clinical manifestations of hyperglycemia .....ANSWER.....polyuria,
polydipsia, polyphagia; weight loss; fatigue; recurrent infections;
blurred vision; delayed wound healing; vomiting; fruity breath;
dry mouth; warm/moist skin; altered reflexes; restlessness;
numbness, tingling; muscle wasting; confusion, stupor, coma
what causes hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes? .....ANSWER.....-
insulin deficiency (not enough insulin to meet glucose demands)
-insulin resistance (inability of body to utilize glucose/resistance
of insulin receptors preventing uptake of glucose to cells)
true or false: symptoms of diabetes mellitus type 2 generally
onset suddenly .....ANSWER.....false; onset is gradual and may
produce few sx (fatigue, recurrent infections, blurred vision,
delayed wound healing, hyperglycemia)
,Page 3 of 130
metabolic syndrome .....ANSWER.....group of metabolic risk
factors which increase a person's chance of developing CVD,
stroke, and diabetes
true or false: half of adults over 60 years of age meet the
diagnostic criteria for metabolic syndrome .....ANSWER.....true;
50% of those 60 years or older qualify for metabolic syndrome
as well as just over 1 in 3 adults
parameters used for diagnosis of metabolic syndrome
.....ANSWER.....waist circumference, triglycerides, HDL cholesterol,
BP, fasting glucose (see table 45.11)
diagnostic tests for diabetes .....ANSWER.....hemoglobin A1C
(6.5% or higher = diabetes; <7% = good control); fasting serum
glucose level (> 126 mg/dL); sx of hyperglycemia with serum
glucose (>200 mg/dL); 2-hour serum glucose test (>200 mg/dL);
cholesterol & triglyceride levels, BUN & creatinine, electrolytes,
urinalysis (glucose, proteinuria, ketones)
, Page 4 of 130
what are the ABCs of diabetes care? .....ANSWER.....A1C, BP,
Cholesterol
goals of diabetes care .....ANSWER.....maintain normal glucose
levels; manage diabetic ABCs; insulin management; somogyi
effect; dawn phenomenon; sick day management
dawn phenomenon .....ANSWER.....an increase in blood glucose in
the early morning, most likely due to increased glucose
production in the liver after an overnight fast; due to elevations
of GH and cortisol, increase dose of insulin or add nighttime dose
of insulin
somogyi effect .....ANSWER.....hypoglycemia followed by
rebound hyperglycemia (overcorrection of hypoglycemia);
nursing interventions: bedtime snack, change time or dosage of
bedtime insulin
EXAM 1: NSG320 / NSG 320 (LATEST UPDATE 2025)
ADULT HEALTH NURSING I EXAM | QUESTIONS AND
VERIFIED ANSWERS | 100% CORRECT | GRADE A -
GCU
type 1 diabetes .....ANSWER.....autoimmune destruction of beta
cells; autoantibodies present for months/years before clinical sx;
insufficient production of insulin; ketosis prone
type 2 diabetes .....ANSWER.....may be associated with lifestyle
choices; defective beta cell secretion of insulin; insulin resistance;
excess glucose production in liver; altered glucose and fat
metabolism; decreased uptake of glucose from muscles
significance of diabetes .....ANSWER.....major cause of death in
US; leading cause of: CVD (CAD, HF, PVDs), peripheral
neuropathy, nephropathy, retinopathy
,Page 2 of 130
ethnic backgrounds most at risk for diabetes
.....ANSWER.....Native Americans & Alaska Natives; Blacks;
Hispanics; Asians & Pacific Islanders
clinical manifestations of hyperglycemia .....ANSWER.....polyuria,
polydipsia, polyphagia; weight loss; fatigue; recurrent infections;
blurred vision; delayed wound healing; vomiting; fruity breath;
dry mouth; warm/moist skin; altered reflexes; restlessness;
numbness, tingling; muscle wasting; confusion, stupor, coma
what causes hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes? .....ANSWER.....-
insulin deficiency (not enough insulin to meet glucose demands)
-insulin resistance (inability of body to utilize glucose/resistance
of insulin receptors preventing uptake of glucose to cells)
true or false: symptoms of diabetes mellitus type 2 generally
onset suddenly .....ANSWER.....false; onset is gradual and may
produce few sx (fatigue, recurrent infections, blurred vision,
delayed wound healing, hyperglycemia)
,Page 3 of 130
metabolic syndrome .....ANSWER.....group of metabolic risk
factors which increase a person's chance of developing CVD,
stroke, and diabetes
true or false: half of adults over 60 years of age meet the
diagnostic criteria for metabolic syndrome .....ANSWER.....true;
50% of those 60 years or older qualify for metabolic syndrome
as well as just over 1 in 3 adults
parameters used for diagnosis of metabolic syndrome
.....ANSWER.....waist circumference, triglycerides, HDL cholesterol,
BP, fasting glucose (see table 45.11)
diagnostic tests for diabetes .....ANSWER.....hemoglobin A1C
(6.5% or higher = diabetes; <7% = good control); fasting serum
glucose level (> 126 mg/dL); sx of hyperglycemia with serum
glucose (>200 mg/dL); 2-hour serum glucose test (>200 mg/dL);
cholesterol & triglyceride levels, BUN & creatinine, electrolytes,
urinalysis (glucose, proteinuria, ketones)
, Page 4 of 130
what are the ABCs of diabetes care? .....ANSWER.....A1C, BP,
Cholesterol
goals of diabetes care .....ANSWER.....maintain normal glucose
levels; manage diabetic ABCs; insulin management; somogyi
effect; dawn phenomenon; sick day management
dawn phenomenon .....ANSWER.....an increase in blood glucose in
the early morning, most likely due to increased glucose
production in the liver after an overnight fast; due to elevations
of GH and cortisol, increase dose of insulin or add nighttime dose
of insulin
somogyi effect .....ANSWER.....hypoglycemia followed by
rebound hyperglycemia (overcorrection of hypoglycemia);
nursing interventions: bedtime snack, change time or dosage of
bedtime insulin
