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ASU MIC 205 Penton Exam 1 Study Guide 2025 –
Microbiology Review, Practice Questions, Flashcards &
Key Concepts Explained
ASU MIC 205 Penton Exam 1 study guide 2025
ASU MIC 205 Exam 1 answers
MIC 205 Penton microbiology review
ASU microbiology exam 1 practice test
MIC 205 study guide PDF
Arizona State University MIC 205 exam 1
ASU MIC 205 flashcards and notes
why do bacteria have to move molecules across the membrane - ANSWER-Nutrient uptake, waste
removal, signal reception, Homeostasis, Energy production
What are the different transport proteins? - ANSWER-Channel Proteins, Carrier Proteins:, Pump
Proteins, Symporters, Antiporters
How do channel proteins operate? - ANSWER-They form water-filled pores that allow specific ions or
small molecules to pass through.
What determines whether channel proteins are open or closed? - ANSWER-They can be open all the
time or gated, it opens or closes when it gets a signal like a physical pressure or electrical voltage
What is the function of open channel proteins? - ANSWER-When open, they allow rapid movement of
substances down their concentration gradient through facilitated diffusion.
How do carrier proteins operate? - ANSWER-Carrier proteins bind to specific molecules then they
change shape to fit through the channel and gets dropped off inside
,2|Page
What happens to carrier proteins after binding a molecule? - ANSWER-The protein changes shape
(conformational change), allowing the molecule to be released on the other side of the membrane.
What are the two types of processes involving carrier proteins? - ANSWER-The process can be passive
(facilitated diffusion) or active (requiring energy).
What are aquaporins? - ANSWER-Aquaporins are water channels through which water molecules move
through the plasma membrane during osmosis.
What is facilitated diffusion? - ANSWER-Facilitated diffusion is a passive transport process that uses
specific transport proteins to help move larger or polar molecules across the membrane.
How does glucose enter cells? - ANSWER-Glucose enters cells via specific transporter proteins (GLUT
transporters) because glucose is too large and polar to pass through the membrane directly.
What is active transport? - ANSWER-A method that requires energy (usually from ATP) to move
molecules against their concentration gradient, from an area of lower concentration to an area of higher
concentration.
What is the role of the sodium-potassium pump in active transport? - ANSWER-It actively transports
sodium ions (Na⁺) out of the cell and potassium ions (K⁺) into the cell against their concentration
gradients, using ATP for energy.
what are the 2 types of active transport - ANSWER-endocytosis and exocytosis
Endocytosis and Exocytosis: - ANSWER-In endocytosis, the cell membrane engulfs material to bring it
inside the cell, while exocytosis involves vesicles fusing with the membrane to release materials outside
the cell.
Endocytosis example - ANSWER-Phagocytosis, where immune cells like macrophages engulf bacteria or
debris by wrapping the cell membrane around them and forming a vesicle.
, 3|Page
Exocytosis - ANSWER-Neurotransmitters are released from nerve cells into the synaptic cleft when
vesicles containing these signaling molecules fuse with the plasma membrane.
How do pump proteins operate? - ANSWER-Pump proteins actively transport ions or molecules against
their concentration gradient.
What provides energy for pump proteins to function? - ANSWER-Pump proteins use energy from ATP
hydrolysis to transport ions or molecules.
Can you give an example of a pump protein? - ANSWER-An example is the sodium-potassium pump,
which moves Na⁺ out and K⁺ in.
how do Symporters operate - ANSWER-type of carrier protein (for example you drive 2 different friends
(glucose, and sodium) to the store. It takes 2 different things at once to the same place at the cell time
(into the cell)
how do Antiporters: operate - ANSWER-Type of carrier protein (for example its like a se saw when one
friend goes up the other goes down against their concentration gradient) Uses energy to keep everything
balanced
What is the main function of the plasma membrane? - ANSWER-The plasma membrane regulates the
movement of substances into and out of the cell.
How does the plasma membrane maintain homeostasis? - ANSWER-by controlling what enters and exits
the cell, using both passive and active transport.
How do bacteria reproduce? How is the cytoskeleton involved in this process? - ANSWER-Bacteria
reproduce primarily through binary fission, where one cell divides into two identical cells. The
cytoskeleton aids in this process by helping to organize the cell's structure, ensuring proper division and
separation of genetic material.
ASU MIC 205 Penton Exam 1 Study Guide 2025 –
Microbiology Review, Practice Questions, Flashcards &
Key Concepts Explained
ASU MIC 205 Penton Exam 1 study guide 2025
ASU MIC 205 Exam 1 answers
MIC 205 Penton microbiology review
ASU microbiology exam 1 practice test
MIC 205 study guide PDF
Arizona State University MIC 205 exam 1
ASU MIC 205 flashcards and notes
why do bacteria have to move molecules across the membrane - ANSWER-Nutrient uptake, waste
removal, signal reception, Homeostasis, Energy production
What are the different transport proteins? - ANSWER-Channel Proteins, Carrier Proteins:, Pump
Proteins, Symporters, Antiporters
How do channel proteins operate? - ANSWER-They form water-filled pores that allow specific ions or
small molecules to pass through.
What determines whether channel proteins are open or closed? - ANSWER-They can be open all the
time or gated, it opens or closes when it gets a signal like a physical pressure or electrical voltage
What is the function of open channel proteins? - ANSWER-When open, they allow rapid movement of
substances down their concentration gradient through facilitated diffusion.
How do carrier proteins operate? - ANSWER-Carrier proteins bind to specific molecules then they
change shape to fit through the channel and gets dropped off inside
,2|Page
What happens to carrier proteins after binding a molecule? - ANSWER-The protein changes shape
(conformational change), allowing the molecule to be released on the other side of the membrane.
What are the two types of processes involving carrier proteins? - ANSWER-The process can be passive
(facilitated diffusion) or active (requiring energy).
What are aquaporins? - ANSWER-Aquaporins are water channels through which water molecules move
through the plasma membrane during osmosis.
What is facilitated diffusion? - ANSWER-Facilitated diffusion is a passive transport process that uses
specific transport proteins to help move larger or polar molecules across the membrane.
How does glucose enter cells? - ANSWER-Glucose enters cells via specific transporter proteins (GLUT
transporters) because glucose is too large and polar to pass through the membrane directly.
What is active transport? - ANSWER-A method that requires energy (usually from ATP) to move
molecules against their concentration gradient, from an area of lower concentration to an area of higher
concentration.
What is the role of the sodium-potassium pump in active transport? - ANSWER-It actively transports
sodium ions (Na⁺) out of the cell and potassium ions (K⁺) into the cell against their concentration
gradients, using ATP for energy.
what are the 2 types of active transport - ANSWER-endocytosis and exocytosis
Endocytosis and Exocytosis: - ANSWER-In endocytosis, the cell membrane engulfs material to bring it
inside the cell, while exocytosis involves vesicles fusing with the membrane to release materials outside
the cell.
Endocytosis example - ANSWER-Phagocytosis, where immune cells like macrophages engulf bacteria or
debris by wrapping the cell membrane around them and forming a vesicle.
, 3|Page
Exocytosis - ANSWER-Neurotransmitters are released from nerve cells into the synaptic cleft when
vesicles containing these signaling molecules fuse with the plasma membrane.
How do pump proteins operate? - ANSWER-Pump proteins actively transport ions or molecules against
their concentration gradient.
What provides energy for pump proteins to function? - ANSWER-Pump proteins use energy from ATP
hydrolysis to transport ions or molecules.
Can you give an example of a pump protein? - ANSWER-An example is the sodium-potassium pump,
which moves Na⁺ out and K⁺ in.
how do Symporters operate - ANSWER-type of carrier protein (for example you drive 2 different friends
(glucose, and sodium) to the store. It takes 2 different things at once to the same place at the cell time
(into the cell)
how do Antiporters: operate - ANSWER-Type of carrier protein (for example its like a se saw when one
friend goes up the other goes down against their concentration gradient) Uses energy to keep everything
balanced
What is the main function of the plasma membrane? - ANSWER-The plasma membrane regulates the
movement of substances into and out of the cell.
How does the plasma membrane maintain homeostasis? - ANSWER-by controlling what enters and exits
the cell, using both passive and active transport.
How do bacteria reproduce? How is the cytoskeleton involved in this process? - ANSWER-Bacteria
reproduce primarily through binary fission, where one cell divides into two identical cells. The
cytoskeleton aids in this process by helping to organize the cell's structure, ensuring proper division and
separation of genetic material.
