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Patients with chronic pain should be managed with?
nonopioids and referred to appropriate specialists
Tramadol (Ultram)
An orally administered nonopioid with weak analgesic activity
naloxone (Narcan)
block the therapeutic and toxic actions of opioids
pentazocine (Talwin)
The only mixed opioid available for oral use. most likely to produce
dysphoric reaction
Fentanyl Family
short-acting, parenterally administered agonist opioid analgesic that
is used perioperatively or during general anesthesia
what opoid is primarily to treat any opioid addicts (eg. Heroin addicts)
Methadone
Codeine
Most commonly used opioid in dentistry and is often combined with
acetaminophen (Tylenol #3) for oral administration
A patient with a true allergy to codeine should NOT be given an
analgesic in that group. this includes
oxycodone, hydromorphone, hydrocodone, and dihydrocodone.
Treatment for overdose
, naloxone
what should be used to control dental pain in addicts?
NSAIDs
what is an advantage of NSAIDs
not addictive, tollerance does not develop, no withdrawal syndrome.
an addict will develop tolerance to the effect of opioids, except?
Miosis and constipation
Use of opioids is NOT contraindicated in
hypertensive pts
cause of death with overdose?
Respiratory depression
Combining an opioid with a nonopioid analgesic produces an additive
analgesic effect with fewer adverse reactions?
True
What do aspirin, acetaminophen, ibuprofen, and codeine have in
common?
analgesic
opoid agonist by which all others are measured?
Morphine
metabolized opioids and unchanged drug are excreted where?
urine
what is the duration of action for analgesia?
4-6 hr
3 groups of endogenous substances
enkephalins, endorphins, dynorphins
opioids mechanism of action
bind to receptors in CNS and spinal cord, producing altered
perception of reaction to pain
where do nonopioids act?
peripheral nerve endings
what drugs are used to prevent gout attack