NASM CPT 2025 NEWEST MIDTERM & FINAL EXAM
2026 \COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND ACCURATE
DETAILED ANSWERS \VERIFIED 100% \ACTUAL EXAM
CPT NASM LATEST UPDATE
A muscular pump that rhythmically contracts to push
Heart
blood throughout the body. (The heart is contained in
the mediastinum in the chest.)
Cardiovascular System A system of the body composed of the heart, blood, and blood
vessels.
The Cardiovascular What two systems compose the cardiorespiratory system?
System and the
Respiratory System
pituitary gland What gland is referred to as the "master gland" of the endocrine
system?
hormone secreting What does the term "endocrine" mean?
A system of glands that secrete hormones into the
The Endocrine System bloodstream to regulate a variety of bodily functions
(including the control of mood, growth and
development, tissue function, and metabolism)
Muscles that support or stabilize the body (i.e., transversus
Stabilizers
abdominis, internal
oblique, and multifidus stabilize the LPHC during hip extension) -
Table 2.6, pg. 46
Muscles that perform the opposite action of the prime
Antagonists
mover aka agonist (i.e., psoas is the antagonist to the
glute max. in hip extension) - Table 2.6, pg. 46
Muscles that act as prime movers/most responsible for a
Agonists
particular movement (i.e., glute max. in hip extension) -
Table 2.6, pg. 46
Muscles that assist prime movers during movement
Synergists
(i.e., hamstrings and erector spinae are synergistic
with glute max. during hip extension) - Table 2.6,
pg. 46
, Muscles larger in size, quick to produce maximal tension,
Type II (Fast-Twitch)
fatigue quicker, have less capillaries, and are ideal for
sprinting
The "All or Nothing" Law What states that muscles contract maximally or not at all?
Muscles that have to control precise movements have muscle
less; more
fibers, whereas
larger muscles that require less fine control have muscle fibers.
Muscle fibers that are smaller in size, slower to
Type I (Slow-Twitch)
produce maximal tension, more resistant to fatigue,
have more capillaries, and are ideal for long-distance
running
Overweight A person with a BMI of 25 to 29.9
Less than 200 mg/dL What is a healthy total cholesterol level?
the appropriate combination of Stabilization and neuromuscular efficiency can only be obtained
proper alignment of the kinetic by having _.
chain and the
stabilization strength necessary
to maintain that alignment (aka
proper posture and
stabilization strength)
Proprioception The cumulative sensory input to the CNS from all the
mechanoreceptors that sense body position and limb movement.
Musculoskeletal injuries The #2 reason for physician visits
Deconditioned A state in which a person may have muscle imbalances,
decreased flexibility, or a lack of core and joint stability.
Low Back Pain (LBP) - What is the primary cause of musculoskeletal degeneration seen
predominant in office workers, in the adult population, affecting nearly 80% of all adults?
those engaged in manual labor,
sitting for long periods of time,
and those with an altered
lumbar lordosis
OPT Model "Optimum Performance Training"; a process of programming
that systematically progresses any client to any goal
Flexibility, cardiorespiratory, List forms of integrated training.
core, balance, plyometric
(reactive), SAQ, resistance
, The goal of phase three of the OPT Model is to achieve optimal
hypertrophy
levels of muscular
_ ___ by using moderate to high loads and reps (6-12 rep ranges).
Specialized sensory receptors sensitive to changes in
Golgi Tendon Organs (GTOs)
muscular tension and rate of tension change;
activation of GTO causes muscle to relax
Receptors sensitive to change in length of the muscle
Muscle Spindles
and the rate of that change (contracts muscle as a
protective mechanism to prevent over-stretching)
Specialized structures that respond to mechanical
Mechanoreceptors pressure within tissues and then transmit signals
through sensory nerves; i.e., muscle spindles, GTOs,
and joint
receptors
somatic; autonomic Two further subdivisions of the PNS include the __________ and
________________________________________ nervous systems.
The PNS contains _____ cranial nerves, pairs of spinal nerves, and
12; 31
sensory
receptors.
Increasing proprioceptive What is the progression for level one of the OPT Model?
demands (versus simply
increasing the load); i.e.,
normal
push-up --> stability ball push-
up
Joint Receptors Act to signal extreme joint positions and thus help prevent injury
To increase muscular What is the main focus of the stabilization-endurance phase?
endurance and stability
while developing optimal
neuromuscular efficiency.
Level One: Stabilization List the levels and phases of the OPT Model, in order.
Phase One:
Stabilization Endurance
Training
Level Two: Strength
Phase Two: Strength
Endurance Training Phase
Three: Hypertrophy
Training Phase Four:
Max. Strength Training
, Level Three: Power
Phase Five: Power Training
Strength, endurance, power, List the performance benefits of the OPT Model.
speed, flexibility, agility,
balance
the cell body, axon, and What three parts are neurons composed of?
dendrites
Sensory (afferent) neurons What are the three main functional classifications of neurons?
- responds to touch,
sound, light, and transmits
nerve
impulses from effector sites to
CNS;
Interneurons - transmits
nerve impulses from one
neuron to another;
Motor (efferent) neurons
- transmits nerve
impulses from the CNS to
effector sites
A specialized cell that What is a neuron?
processes and transmits
information through both
electrical and chemical signals
CNS (central, consists of brain What two parts is the nervous system divided into?
and spinal cord); PNS
(peripheral, consists of only
nerves and connects the CNS
to the rest of the body)
If one component of the HMS is not working properly, it
movement
will affect the other systems and ultimately affect the
other systems and ultimately affect ____ _.
Barbell Squat (strength) x Give an example of a phase five superset, for legs.
Squat Jump (power)
2026 \COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND ACCURATE
DETAILED ANSWERS \VERIFIED 100% \ACTUAL EXAM
CPT NASM LATEST UPDATE
A muscular pump that rhythmically contracts to push
Heart
blood throughout the body. (The heart is contained in
the mediastinum in the chest.)
Cardiovascular System A system of the body composed of the heart, blood, and blood
vessels.
The Cardiovascular What two systems compose the cardiorespiratory system?
System and the
Respiratory System
pituitary gland What gland is referred to as the "master gland" of the endocrine
system?
hormone secreting What does the term "endocrine" mean?
A system of glands that secrete hormones into the
The Endocrine System bloodstream to regulate a variety of bodily functions
(including the control of mood, growth and
development, tissue function, and metabolism)
Muscles that support or stabilize the body (i.e., transversus
Stabilizers
abdominis, internal
oblique, and multifidus stabilize the LPHC during hip extension) -
Table 2.6, pg. 46
Muscles that perform the opposite action of the prime
Antagonists
mover aka agonist (i.e., psoas is the antagonist to the
glute max. in hip extension) - Table 2.6, pg. 46
Muscles that act as prime movers/most responsible for a
Agonists
particular movement (i.e., glute max. in hip extension) -
Table 2.6, pg. 46
Muscles that assist prime movers during movement
Synergists
(i.e., hamstrings and erector spinae are synergistic
with glute max. during hip extension) - Table 2.6,
pg. 46
, Muscles larger in size, quick to produce maximal tension,
Type II (Fast-Twitch)
fatigue quicker, have less capillaries, and are ideal for
sprinting
The "All or Nothing" Law What states that muscles contract maximally or not at all?
Muscles that have to control precise movements have muscle
less; more
fibers, whereas
larger muscles that require less fine control have muscle fibers.
Muscle fibers that are smaller in size, slower to
Type I (Slow-Twitch)
produce maximal tension, more resistant to fatigue,
have more capillaries, and are ideal for long-distance
running
Overweight A person with a BMI of 25 to 29.9
Less than 200 mg/dL What is a healthy total cholesterol level?
the appropriate combination of Stabilization and neuromuscular efficiency can only be obtained
proper alignment of the kinetic by having _.
chain and the
stabilization strength necessary
to maintain that alignment (aka
proper posture and
stabilization strength)
Proprioception The cumulative sensory input to the CNS from all the
mechanoreceptors that sense body position and limb movement.
Musculoskeletal injuries The #2 reason for physician visits
Deconditioned A state in which a person may have muscle imbalances,
decreased flexibility, or a lack of core and joint stability.
Low Back Pain (LBP) - What is the primary cause of musculoskeletal degeneration seen
predominant in office workers, in the adult population, affecting nearly 80% of all adults?
those engaged in manual labor,
sitting for long periods of time,
and those with an altered
lumbar lordosis
OPT Model "Optimum Performance Training"; a process of programming
that systematically progresses any client to any goal
Flexibility, cardiorespiratory, List forms of integrated training.
core, balance, plyometric
(reactive), SAQ, resistance
, The goal of phase three of the OPT Model is to achieve optimal
hypertrophy
levels of muscular
_ ___ by using moderate to high loads and reps (6-12 rep ranges).
Specialized sensory receptors sensitive to changes in
Golgi Tendon Organs (GTOs)
muscular tension and rate of tension change;
activation of GTO causes muscle to relax
Receptors sensitive to change in length of the muscle
Muscle Spindles
and the rate of that change (contracts muscle as a
protective mechanism to prevent over-stretching)
Specialized structures that respond to mechanical
Mechanoreceptors pressure within tissues and then transmit signals
through sensory nerves; i.e., muscle spindles, GTOs,
and joint
receptors
somatic; autonomic Two further subdivisions of the PNS include the __________ and
________________________________________ nervous systems.
The PNS contains _____ cranial nerves, pairs of spinal nerves, and
12; 31
sensory
receptors.
Increasing proprioceptive What is the progression for level one of the OPT Model?
demands (versus simply
increasing the load); i.e.,
normal
push-up --> stability ball push-
up
Joint Receptors Act to signal extreme joint positions and thus help prevent injury
To increase muscular What is the main focus of the stabilization-endurance phase?
endurance and stability
while developing optimal
neuromuscular efficiency.
Level One: Stabilization List the levels and phases of the OPT Model, in order.
Phase One:
Stabilization Endurance
Training
Level Two: Strength
Phase Two: Strength
Endurance Training Phase
Three: Hypertrophy
Training Phase Four:
Max. Strength Training
, Level Three: Power
Phase Five: Power Training
Strength, endurance, power, List the performance benefits of the OPT Model.
speed, flexibility, agility,
balance
the cell body, axon, and What three parts are neurons composed of?
dendrites
Sensory (afferent) neurons What are the three main functional classifications of neurons?
- responds to touch,
sound, light, and transmits
nerve
impulses from effector sites to
CNS;
Interneurons - transmits
nerve impulses from one
neuron to another;
Motor (efferent) neurons
- transmits nerve
impulses from the CNS to
effector sites
A specialized cell that What is a neuron?
processes and transmits
information through both
electrical and chemical signals
CNS (central, consists of brain What two parts is the nervous system divided into?
and spinal cord); PNS
(peripheral, consists of only
nerves and connects the CNS
to the rest of the body)
If one component of the HMS is not working properly, it
movement
will affect the other systems and ultimately affect the
other systems and ultimately affect ____ _.
Barbell Squat (strength) x Give an example of a phase five superset, for legs.
Squat Jump (power)
