PCP Cardiology(All correctly answered)
Point of Maximal impulse correct answersThe point on the chest wall over the heart at which the
contraction of the heart is best seen or felt; normally at the fifth intercostal space in the left
midclavicular line in adults
Pericardium correct answersMembrane surrounding the heart
Pericardial Effusion correct answersa collection of fluid between the pericardial sac and the
myocardium
Pericardial tamponade correct answersA large accumulation of fluid around the heart within the
pericardial sac.
distended neck veins
dyspnea
narrow pulse pressure
muffled heart sounds
Pulmonary Circuit correct answersBlood vessels that carry blood to and from the lungs
Systemic Circuit correct answersBlood vessels that carry blood to and from all body tissues.
Tricuspid valve correct answers
Mitral Valve correct answersvalve between the left atrium and the left ventricle; bicuspid valve
chordae tendineae correct answersthin bands of fibrous tissue that attach to the valves in the
heart and prevent them from inverting
Pulmonary Valve correct answersvalve positioned between the right ventricle and the pulmonary
artery
Aortic Valve correct answersThe semilunar valve separating the aorta from the left ventricle that
prevents blood from flowing back into the left ventricle.
Coronary circulation correct answerscirculation of blood through the coronary blood vessels to
deliver oxygen and nutrients to the heart muscle tissue
Right Coronary Artery (RCA) correct answersArtery located between the right atrium and right
ventricle
marginal arteries correct answersbranches of the right coronary artery that supply blood to the
superficial portions of the right ventricle
, left anterior descending artery correct answersSupplies anterior and lateral left ventricle with
blood.
Coronary Sinus correct answersenlarged vessel on the posterior aspect of the heart that empties
blood into the right atrium
Automaticity correct answersThe ability of the heart to generate and conduct electrical impulses
on its own.
Cardiac Cycle correct answersA complete heartbeat consisting of contraction and relaxation of
both atria and both ventricles
Systole correct answersContraction of the heart muscle, blood is pumped into the arteries
Diastole correct answersRelaxation of the heart
Cardiac Output correct answersThe volume of blood ejected from the left side of the heart in one
minute.
HR x SV = CO
Stroke Volume correct answersThe amount of blood ejected from the heart in one contraction.
Approximately 70ml.
Venous return correct answersThe amount of blood returned to the heart by the veins
Preload correct answersdegree of stretch of the cardiac muscle fibers at the end of diastole
Contractility correct answersability to shorten forcibly when stimulated
Afterload correct answersback pressure exerted by blood in the large arteries leaving the heart
Factors increasing contractility correct answersIncreased sympathetic stimuli
Hormones
Ca2+
Hyperthermia
Factors decreasing contractility correct answersAcidosis
Extracellular K+
Beta blockers and calcium channel blockers
Hypothermia
Frank-Starling Law correct answersThe greater the volume of blood in the ventricles, the
stronger the contraction. "More blood in, more blood out"
Point of Maximal impulse correct answersThe point on the chest wall over the heart at which the
contraction of the heart is best seen or felt; normally at the fifth intercostal space in the left
midclavicular line in adults
Pericardium correct answersMembrane surrounding the heart
Pericardial Effusion correct answersa collection of fluid between the pericardial sac and the
myocardium
Pericardial tamponade correct answersA large accumulation of fluid around the heart within the
pericardial sac.
distended neck veins
dyspnea
narrow pulse pressure
muffled heart sounds
Pulmonary Circuit correct answersBlood vessels that carry blood to and from the lungs
Systemic Circuit correct answersBlood vessels that carry blood to and from all body tissues.
Tricuspid valve correct answers
Mitral Valve correct answersvalve between the left atrium and the left ventricle; bicuspid valve
chordae tendineae correct answersthin bands of fibrous tissue that attach to the valves in the
heart and prevent them from inverting
Pulmonary Valve correct answersvalve positioned between the right ventricle and the pulmonary
artery
Aortic Valve correct answersThe semilunar valve separating the aorta from the left ventricle that
prevents blood from flowing back into the left ventricle.
Coronary circulation correct answerscirculation of blood through the coronary blood vessels to
deliver oxygen and nutrients to the heart muscle tissue
Right Coronary Artery (RCA) correct answersArtery located between the right atrium and right
ventricle
marginal arteries correct answersbranches of the right coronary artery that supply blood to the
superficial portions of the right ventricle
, left anterior descending artery correct answersSupplies anterior and lateral left ventricle with
blood.
Coronary Sinus correct answersenlarged vessel on the posterior aspect of the heart that empties
blood into the right atrium
Automaticity correct answersThe ability of the heart to generate and conduct electrical impulses
on its own.
Cardiac Cycle correct answersA complete heartbeat consisting of contraction and relaxation of
both atria and both ventricles
Systole correct answersContraction of the heart muscle, blood is pumped into the arteries
Diastole correct answersRelaxation of the heart
Cardiac Output correct answersThe volume of blood ejected from the left side of the heart in one
minute.
HR x SV = CO
Stroke Volume correct answersThe amount of blood ejected from the heart in one contraction.
Approximately 70ml.
Venous return correct answersThe amount of blood returned to the heart by the veins
Preload correct answersdegree of stretch of the cardiac muscle fibers at the end of diastole
Contractility correct answersability to shorten forcibly when stimulated
Afterload correct answersback pressure exerted by blood in the large arteries leaving the heart
Factors increasing contractility correct answersIncreased sympathetic stimuli
Hormones
Ca2+
Hyperthermia
Factors decreasing contractility correct answersAcidosis
Extracellular K+
Beta blockers and calcium channel blockers
Hypothermia
Frank-Starling Law correct answersThe greater the volume of blood in the ventricles, the
stronger the contraction. "More blood in, more blood out"
