BIOCHEMISTRY - All 20 Amino Acids Final
Exam Study guide |Test bank Verified Practice
Questions with A+ Answers | Final Exam Guide
FOR 2025/2026
Biochemistry I Module of the MCAT Self Prep eCourse: Lesson 1: Amino Acids and
Proteins (Pro)
Lesson 1: Amino Acids and Proteins
Lesson 1: Amino Acids and Proteins
DNA copies itself through a process known as:
(A) Replication
(B) Translation
(C) Transcription
(D) Integration
(A) Replication
DNA copies itself through a process known as replication.
DNA is used as a template to generate RNA in a process known as:
(A) Replication
(B) Translation
(C) Transcription
(D) Integration
,(C) Transcription
DNA is used as a template to generate RNA in a process known as transcription.
Protein is generated using RNA as instructions in a process known as:
(A) Replication
(B) Translation
(C) Transcription
(D) Integration
(B) Translation
Protein is generated using RNA as instructions in a process known as translation.
Compare Polymers and Monomers.
Polymers are made up of individual sub-units called monomers.
True or False? DNA, RNA, and protein are all linear polymers.
True. The structure of DNA, RNA, and protein is similar in that they are all linear polymers
because each individual unit (or monomer) is attached to only one or two other units, resulting in
a long chain.
What monomers make up DNA? RNA? Protein?
The monomers that make up DNA are known as deoxyribonucleotides.
The monomers that make up RNA are known as ribonucleotides.
The monomers that make up protein are known as amino acids.
What benefits does the linear polymer structure of DNA, RNA, and protein provide during
transcription and translation?
,The linear polymer structure of DNA, RNA, and protein helps to transfer and preserve the
encoding of information during transcription and translation.
What is the central dogma of molecular biology?
DNA makes RNA, which makes protein.
How can one easily differentiate transcription and translation using base words "script"
and "translate"?
The word "script" refers to written forms. Transcription goes from one written form (DNA) to
another (RNA) using a common "alphabet" (aka nucleic acids).
Translation refers to the need to "translate" from one language to another. Here, nucleic acids
from one language (RNA) are translated into amino acids of another language (protein).
RNA is used as a template in the formation of cDNA through the process of:
(A) Reverse Replication
(B) Reverse Translation
(C) Reverse Transcription
(D) Reverse Integration
(C) Reverse Transcription
What is the function of reverse transcriptase?
Reverse transcriptase is the enzyme that carries out reverse transcription, in which
complementary DNA (cDNA) is generated from an RNA template.
What is most likely to occur if a patient with HIV is administered a medicinal drug that
deactivates the enzyme reverse transcriptase?
(A) The patient will die.
(B) The patient's chances at survival will increase.
(C) The patient's chances at survival will decrease, but they will not die.
(D) The patient may go into a coma.
, (B) The patient's chances at survival will increase.
Reverse transcriptase is used by HIV to reverse transcribe the retrovirus's RNA into DNA, which
can then be integrated into the host's DNA. Deactivating reverse transcriptase will halt this
process, which is essential for propagating HIV's lifecycle. This is an effective treatment against
HIV!
True or False? The genetic material of (+)ssRNA viruses (such as coronavirus) is translated
immediately by host cell machinery as compared with DNA viruses and retroviruses.
True. The genetic material of (+)ssRNA viruses (such as coronavirus) is translated immediately
by host cell machinery as compared with DNA viruses and retroviruses.
CRB Describe the differences in translation between (+)ssRNA viruses (like the
Coronavirus) and (-)ssRNA viruses (like the influenza virus).
(+)ssRNA viruses have their genome stored as RNA that can readily be translated to form the
proteins that they need.
(-)ssRNA Viruses, however, need to transcribe the (+) version of the RNA so it can be readily
translated by the host cell's machinery. These viruses need an extra step of processing!
Which of the following are examples of non-coding RNA (ncRNA)? Why are they called
that?
I. tRNA
II. mRNA
III. rRNA
(A) I Only
(B) II Only
(C) I and II Only
(D) I and III Only
(D) I and III Only
Exam Study guide |Test bank Verified Practice
Questions with A+ Answers | Final Exam Guide
FOR 2025/2026
Biochemistry I Module of the MCAT Self Prep eCourse: Lesson 1: Amino Acids and
Proteins (Pro)
Lesson 1: Amino Acids and Proteins
Lesson 1: Amino Acids and Proteins
DNA copies itself through a process known as:
(A) Replication
(B) Translation
(C) Transcription
(D) Integration
(A) Replication
DNA copies itself through a process known as replication.
DNA is used as a template to generate RNA in a process known as:
(A) Replication
(B) Translation
(C) Transcription
(D) Integration
,(C) Transcription
DNA is used as a template to generate RNA in a process known as transcription.
Protein is generated using RNA as instructions in a process known as:
(A) Replication
(B) Translation
(C) Transcription
(D) Integration
(B) Translation
Protein is generated using RNA as instructions in a process known as translation.
Compare Polymers and Monomers.
Polymers are made up of individual sub-units called monomers.
True or False? DNA, RNA, and protein are all linear polymers.
True. The structure of DNA, RNA, and protein is similar in that they are all linear polymers
because each individual unit (or monomer) is attached to only one or two other units, resulting in
a long chain.
What monomers make up DNA? RNA? Protein?
The monomers that make up DNA are known as deoxyribonucleotides.
The monomers that make up RNA are known as ribonucleotides.
The monomers that make up protein are known as amino acids.
What benefits does the linear polymer structure of DNA, RNA, and protein provide during
transcription and translation?
,The linear polymer structure of DNA, RNA, and protein helps to transfer and preserve the
encoding of information during transcription and translation.
What is the central dogma of molecular biology?
DNA makes RNA, which makes protein.
How can one easily differentiate transcription and translation using base words "script"
and "translate"?
The word "script" refers to written forms. Transcription goes from one written form (DNA) to
another (RNA) using a common "alphabet" (aka nucleic acids).
Translation refers to the need to "translate" from one language to another. Here, nucleic acids
from one language (RNA) are translated into amino acids of another language (protein).
RNA is used as a template in the formation of cDNA through the process of:
(A) Reverse Replication
(B) Reverse Translation
(C) Reverse Transcription
(D) Reverse Integration
(C) Reverse Transcription
What is the function of reverse transcriptase?
Reverse transcriptase is the enzyme that carries out reverse transcription, in which
complementary DNA (cDNA) is generated from an RNA template.
What is most likely to occur if a patient with HIV is administered a medicinal drug that
deactivates the enzyme reverse transcriptase?
(A) The patient will die.
(B) The patient's chances at survival will increase.
(C) The patient's chances at survival will decrease, but they will not die.
(D) The patient may go into a coma.
, (B) The patient's chances at survival will increase.
Reverse transcriptase is used by HIV to reverse transcribe the retrovirus's RNA into DNA, which
can then be integrated into the host's DNA. Deactivating reverse transcriptase will halt this
process, which is essential for propagating HIV's lifecycle. This is an effective treatment against
HIV!
True or False? The genetic material of (+)ssRNA viruses (such as coronavirus) is translated
immediately by host cell machinery as compared with DNA viruses and retroviruses.
True. The genetic material of (+)ssRNA viruses (such as coronavirus) is translated immediately
by host cell machinery as compared with DNA viruses and retroviruses.
CRB Describe the differences in translation between (+)ssRNA viruses (like the
Coronavirus) and (-)ssRNA viruses (like the influenza virus).
(+)ssRNA viruses have their genome stored as RNA that can readily be translated to form the
proteins that they need.
(-)ssRNA Viruses, however, need to transcribe the (+) version of the RNA so it can be readily
translated by the host cell's machinery. These viruses need an extra step of processing!
Which of the following are examples of non-coding RNA (ncRNA)? Why are they called
that?
I. tRNA
II. mRNA
III. rRNA
(A) I Only
(B) II Only
(C) I and II Only
(D) I and III Only
(D) I and III Only
