ECMO – Questions With Detailed Solutions
Save
Terms in this set (390)
Helped develop the first heart
lung machine & had the first
Dr. John Gibbon successful open heart operation
using the heart-lung machine in
1954.
The "father of ECMO" who pioneered ECMO
Dr. Robert Bartlett technology, usage & research. Surgeon who had the
first neonatal ECMO survivor in 1972.
English physicist who discovered
the law of elasticity , known as
Hooke's law , and constructed
Robert Hooke
the Boylean air pump making him
the first person to conceptualize
an oxygenator
An early implementation of the oxygenator which was
first developed in 1882 by von Schröder of Strasburg
when he used it to oxygenate an isolated kidney. It was
later used for cardiopulmonary bypass in 1950 by Clark,
Gollan, and Gupta. It faced initial skepticism but in 1956
it was demonstrated to be relatively simple, inexpensive,
& easy to operate. The device faced competition from
Bubble Oxygenator
membrane oxygenators, which arrived within the same
decade & were found to provide better oxygenation for
periods over eight hours, and other advantages beyond
six hours. However, most open-heart operations were
substantially shorter, and by 1976 it was predominant. In
the 1980s, it was replaced by microporous membrane
oxygenators.
Year Heparin was discovered when Jay Maclean
1916 demonstrates that a phosphatide extracted from canine
heart muscle prevents coagulation of the blood.
, Year of whole-body extracorporeal perfusion of a dog
1929 completed by the Russians Brukhonenko and
Tchetchuline.
Year of first successful
intracardiac repair using
1953
extracorporeal oxygenation &
John Gibbons heart-lung machine
By 1957, mortality from intracardiac surgery dropped
10%
from 50% to
Year of first successful adult ECMO patient who
1971
suffered polytrauma with aortic transection & ARDS
Abandoned neonate who was successfully placed on
ECMO in 1975. She suffered meconium aspiration &
Esmeralda spent 72 hours on ECMO (Prior to ECMO, meconium
aspiration had a 90% mortality rate. Post ECMO, survival
rate is 75%).
International organization created in 1989 which
maintains a registry of both facilities & specialists trained
to provide ECMO services. It also maintains registry
information that is used to support clinical research,
ELSO
support regulatory agencies, & provides educational
programs for active centers as well as for facilities who
may be involved in the transfer of patients to higher
levels of care
First ever WHO "public health
emergency of international
concern" which CDC estimated
284,000 deaths globally (mostly
H1N1 in Africa & Southwest Asia). In
2009, CESAR trail increased
ECMO use in adults & the
development of national ECMO
programs.
, Study during H1N1 flu epidemic that demonstrated that
patients with ARDS had better outcomes on ECMO then
those with traditional ventilator management. It helped
CESAR (Conventional
increase ECMO use in adults & developed national
ventilatory support vs
ECMO programs. It studied a total of 180 patients with
extracorporeal membrane
primary endpoint measuring their survival without
oxygenation for severe
severe disability at 6 months- 63% EMCO patients
adult respiratory failure)
survived 6 months verses 47% without. Most patients in
Trail
the study developed severe ARDS with a P:F<75 & 30%
of the control group did not receive lung protective
ventilation.
Emerging ECMO technology that
uses nonpostive displacement to
allow flow which is directly
Centrifugal Pump
related to the patients condition.
It is affected by both preload &
afterload.
Emerging ECMO technology which use true non-
PolyMethylPentene (PMP)
porous membrane technology which can last a long
Oxygenators
period of time.
Biocompatible Cannulas & Emerging ECMO technology which prevents clot
Circuits formation & platelet activation in the cannulas & circuit
1. Centrifugal Pump 3 Emerging ECMO Technologies
2. PolyMethylPentene
(PMP) Oxygenators
3. Biocompatible Cannulas
& Circuits
The process that allows gas
exchange between the alveoli &
pulmonary capillaries. It allows
Diffusion
O2 & CO2 move from areas of
high concentration to low
concentration
, Partial Pressure of Oxygen (pO2)
pO2= 100
& Carbon Dioxide (pCO2) in the
alveoli
pCO2= 40
Partial Pressure of Oxygen (pO2)
pO2=40 & Carbon Dioxide (pCO2)
entering the alveolar capillaries
pCO2=45 from venous circulation (in
pulmonary artery)
1. Hemoglobin (98.5%)- 2 Ways Oxygen is Carried in the
oxyhemoglobin Blood
2. Dissolved in Plasma
(1.5%)- paO2
% of oxygen bound to
hemoglobin
98.5%
% of oxygen dissolved in plasma
1.5%
1. Bicarbonate- HCO3 3 Ways Carbon Dioxide is
(60%) Carried in the blood
2. Carbanimohemoglobin
(30%)
3. Dissolved in Plasma (10%)
Formed when CO2 (released by
cells making ATP) combines with
Bicarbonate (HCO3)
H2O (due to the enzyme
Carbonic anhydrase)
% of carbon dioxide transported
as Bicarbonate
60%
Save
Terms in this set (390)
Helped develop the first heart
lung machine & had the first
Dr. John Gibbon successful open heart operation
using the heart-lung machine in
1954.
The "father of ECMO" who pioneered ECMO
Dr. Robert Bartlett technology, usage & research. Surgeon who had the
first neonatal ECMO survivor in 1972.
English physicist who discovered
the law of elasticity , known as
Hooke's law , and constructed
Robert Hooke
the Boylean air pump making him
the first person to conceptualize
an oxygenator
An early implementation of the oxygenator which was
first developed in 1882 by von Schröder of Strasburg
when he used it to oxygenate an isolated kidney. It was
later used for cardiopulmonary bypass in 1950 by Clark,
Gollan, and Gupta. It faced initial skepticism but in 1956
it was demonstrated to be relatively simple, inexpensive,
& easy to operate. The device faced competition from
Bubble Oxygenator
membrane oxygenators, which arrived within the same
decade & were found to provide better oxygenation for
periods over eight hours, and other advantages beyond
six hours. However, most open-heart operations were
substantially shorter, and by 1976 it was predominant. In
the 1980s, it was replaced by microporous membrane
oxygenators.
Year Heparin was discovered when Jay Maclean
1916 demonstrates that a phosphatide extracted from canine
heart muscle prevents coagulation of the blood.
, Year of whole-body extracorporeal perfusion of a dog
1929 completed by the Russians Brukhonenko and
Tchetchuline.
Year of first successful
intracardiac repair using
1953
extracorporeal oxygenation &
John Gibbons heart-lung machine
By 1957, mortality from intracardiac surgery dropped
10%
from 50% to
Year of first successful adult ECMO patient who
1971
suffered polytrauma with aortic transection & ARDS
Abandoned neonate who was successfully placed on
ECMO in 1975. She suffered meconium aspiration &
Esmeralda spent 72 hours on ECMO (Prior to ECMO, meconium
aspiration had a 90% mortality rate. Post ECMO, survival
rate is 75%).
International organization created in 1989 which
maintains a registry of both facilities & specialists trained
to provide ECMO services. It also maintains registry
information that is used to support clinical research,
ELSO
support regulatory agencies, & provides educational
programs for active centers as well as for facilities who
may be involved in the transfer of patients to higher
levels of care
First ever WHO "public health
emergency of international
concern" which CDC estimated
284,000 deaths globally (mostly
H1N1 in Africa & Southwest Asia). In
2009, CESAR trail increased
ECMO use in adults & the
development of national ECMO
programs.
, Study during H1N1 flu epidemic that demonstrated that
patients with ARDS had better outcomes on ECMO then
those with traditional ventilator management. It helped
CESAR (Conventional
increase ECMO use in adults & developed national
ventilatory support vs
ECMO programs. It studied a total of 180 patients with
extracorporeal membrane
primary endpoint measuring their survival without
oxygenation for severe
severe disability at 6 months- 63% EMCO patients
adult respiratory failure)
survived 6 months verses 47% without. Most patients in
Trail
the study developed severe ARDS with a P:F<75 & 30%
of the control group did not receive lung protective
ventilation.
Emerging ECMO technology that
uses nonpostive displacement to
allow flow which is directly
Centrifugal Pump
related to the patients condition.
It is affected by both preload &
afterload.
Emerging ECMO technology which use true non-
PolyMethylPentene (PMP)
porous membrane technology which can last a long
Oxygenators
period of time.
Biocompatible Cannulas & Emerging ECMO technology which prevents clot
Circuits formation & platelet activation in the cannulas & circuit
1. Centrifugal Pump 3 Emerging ECMO Technologies
2. PolyMethylPentene
(PMP) Oxygenators
3. Biocompatible Cannulas
& Circuits
The process that allows gas
exchange between the alveoli &
pulmonary capillaries. It allows
Diffusion
O2 & CO2 move from areas of
high concentration to low
concentration
, Partial Pressure of Oxygen (pO2)
pO2= 100
& Carbon Dioxide (pCO2) in the
alveoli
pCO2= 40
Partial Pressure of Oxygen (pO2)
pO2=40 & Carbon Dioxide (pCO2)
entering the alveolar capillaries
pCO2=45 from venous circulation (in
pulmonary artery)
1. Hemoglobin (98.5%)- 2 Ways Oxygen is Carried in the
oxyhemoglobin Blood
2. Dissolved in Plasma
(1.5%)- paO2
% of oxygen bound to
hemoglobin
98.5%
% of oxygen dissolved in plasma
1.5%
1. Bicarbonate- HCO3 3 Ways Carbon Dioxide is
(60%) Carried in the blood
2. Carbanimohemoglobin
(30%)
3. Dissolved in Plasma (10%)
Formed when CO2 (released by
cells making ATP) combines with
Bicarbonate (HCO3)
H2O (due to the enzyme
Carbonic anhydrase)
% of carbon dioxide transported
as Bicarbonate
60%
