RADIOGRAPHIC POSITIONING AND
RELATED ANATOMY
11TH EDITION
• AUTHOR(S)JOHN P. LAMPIGNANO
TEST BANK
1)
Reference
Ch. 1 — Positioning Terminology
Question Stem
A radiographer must obtain a true lateral projection of the
ankle to evaluate the talus. Which patient positioning
instruction ensures a true lateral image?
Options
A. Rotate the ankle 45° internally so the medial and lateral
malleoli are equidistant from the IR.
B. Rotate the ankle so the plantar surface is parallel to the IR
and fibula is posterior to the tibia.
C. Rotate the ankle until the medial and lateral malleoli are
superimposed and the distal tibia and fibula are aligned.
,D. Rotate the ankle 30° externally to project the mortise
without malleolar overlap.
Correct Answer
C
Rationales
• Correct (C): A true lateral requires superimposition of the
medial and lateral malleoli and alignment of distal tibia
and fibula, which demonstrates true lateral anatomy for
talar assessment.
• Incorrect (A): A 45° internal rotation would produce an
oblique, not a true lateral, and would separate the
malleoli.
• Incorrect (B): Plantar surface parallel to the IR may alter
sagittal alignment; the key is malleolar superimposition,
not plantar parallelism.
• Incorrect (D): External rotation to visualize the mortise
creates an oblique mortise projection, not a true lateral.
Teaching Point
True lateral = malleoli superimposed and distal tibia/fibula
aligned.
Citation
Lampignano, J. P. (2024). Textbook of Radiographic Positioning
and Related Anatomy (11th Ed.). Ch. 1.
,2)
Reference
Ch. 1 — Positioning Principles
Question Stem
A technologist must reduce magnification of a small wrist
fracture on the radiograph. Which adjustment most directly
decreases magnification while maintaining acceptable
exposure?
Options
A. Increase SID (source-to-image distance) and maintain current
OID.
B. Decrease SID and increase kVp to compensate.
C. Increase OID and decrease mAs.
D. Place the wrist at the center of the collimated field and leave
SID unchanged.
Correct Answer
A
Rationales
• Correct (A): Increasing SID reduces geometric
magnification because the beam divergence is less at the
IR; maintaining OID prevents increased magnification.
• Incorrect (B): Decreasing SID increases magnification;
adjusting kVp affects penetration, not magnification
geometry.
, • Incorrect (C): Increasing OID increases magnification;
decreasing mAs affects image density but not
magnification geometry.
• Incorrect (D): Centering and collimation improve image
quality and dose but do not reduce magnification if
SID/OID remain unchanged.
Teaching Point
Increasing SID reduces magnification; minimize OID for sharp,
accurate size representation.
Citation
Lampignano, J. P. (2024). Textbook of Radiographic Positioning
and Related Anatomy (11th Ed.). Ch. 1.
3)
Reference
Ch. 1 — Positioning Terminology
Question Stem
An AP projection of the chest was ordered but the patient can
only stand at a 45° angle to the IR due to pain. Which term best
describes the projection obtained if the CR enters anteriorly
and exits posteriorly?
Options
A. AP oblique
B. PA oblique
RELATED ANATOMY
11TH EDITION
• AUTHOR(S)JOHN P. LAMPIGNANO
TEST BANK
1)
Reference
Ch. 1 — Positioning Terminology
Question Stem
A radiographer must obtain a true lateral projection of the
ankle to evaluate the talus. Which patient positioning
instruction ensures a true lateral image?
Options
A. Rotate the ankle 45° internally so the medial and lateral
malleoli are equidistant from the IR.
B. Rotate the ankle so the plantar surface is parallel to the IR
and fibula is posterior to the tibia.
C. Rotate the ankle until the medial and lateral malleoli are
superimposed and the distal tibia and fibula are aligned.
,D. Rotate the ankle 30° externally to project the mortise
without malleolar overlap.
Correct Answer
C
Rationales
• Correct (C): A true lateral requires superimposition of the
medial and lateral malleoli and alignment of distal tibia
and fibula, which demonstrates true lateral anatomy for
talar assessment.
• Incorrect (A): A 45° internal rotation would produce an
oblique, not a true lateral, and would separate the
malleoli.
• Incorrect (B): Plantar surface parallel to the IR may alter
sagittal alignment; the key is malleolar superimposition,
not plantar parallelism.
• Incorrect (D): External rotation to visualize the mortise
creates an oblique mortise projection, not a true lateral.
Teaching Point
True lateral = malleoli superimposed and distal tibia/fibula
aligned.
Citation
Lampignano, J. P. (2024). Textbook of Radiographic Positioning
and Related Anatomy (11th Ed.). Ch. 1.
,2)
Reference
Ch. 1 — Positioning Principles
Question Stem
A technologist must reduce magnification of a small wrist
fracture on the radiograph. Which adjustment most directly
decreases magnification while maintaining acceptable
exposure?
Options
A. Increase SID (source-to-image distance) and maintain current
OID.
B. Decrease SID and increase kVp to compensate.
C. Increase OID and decrease mAs.
D. Place the wrist at the center of the collimated field and leave
SID unchanged.
Correct Answer
A
Rationales
• Correct (A): Increasing SID reduces geometric
magnification because the beam divergence is less at the
IR; maintaining OID prevents increased magnification.
• Incorrect (B): Decreasing SID increases magnification;
adjusting kVp affects penetration, not magnification
geometry.
, • Incorrect (C): Increasing OID increases magnification;
decreasing mAs affects image density but not
magnification geometry.
• Incorrect (D): Centering and collimation improve image
quality and dose but do not reduce magnification if
SID/OID remain unchanged.
Teaching Point
Increasing SID reduces magnification; minimize OID for sharp,
accurate size representation.
Citation
Lampignano, J. P. (2024). Textbook of Radiographic Positioning
and Related Anatomy (11th Ed.). Ch. 1.
3)
Reference
Ch. 1 — Positioning Terminology
Question Stem
An AP projection of the chest was ordered but the patient can
only stand at a 45° angle to the IR due to pain. Which term best
describes the projection obtained if the CR enters anteriorly
and exits posteriorly?
Options
A. AP oblique
B. PA oblique
