NUR 2063 / NUR2063 ESSENTIALS OF PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
EXAM 2 REVIEW AND STUDY GUIDE
This document summarizes the major topics covered in Exam 2 of Essentials of
Pathophysiology (NUR 2063 / NUR2063), focusing on system-specific disease
processes and their underlying mechanisms. It includes explanations of
inflammation, immunity, fluid and electrolyte balance, acid–base regulation, and
key disorders of the cardiovascular, respiratory, renal, endocrine, and
neurological systems. The material supports exam preparation through clear
definitions, clinical manifestations, and conceptual connections needed for
nursing practice.
,What are the functions of the kidneys? - Correct Regulation of blood pressure; regulating
blood osmolarity; removal of toxins; blood filtration; activate vitamin D
What are the clinical manifestations of benign prostatic hypertrophy? - Correct dribbling;
difficulty initiating urine stream; hesitancy; urinary retention, decreased stream
What substance controls the reabsorption of water from the collecting ducts? - Correct
ADH- Anti Diuretic Hormone
What is type 2 diabetes characterized as? - Correct peripheral tissue insulin resistance
What are the clinical manifestations of Graves' disease? - Correct Exophthalmos (bulging
eyes), goiter, enlarge thyroid, heat intolerance, anxiety- hyperthyroidism
What processes occur during fasting? - Correct glucogenesis; glycogenesis
What type of tissue is accessed to promote energy production in type 1 diabetes? - Correct
adipose/ fat
What are the clinical manifestations of hypothyroidism? - Correct myxedema, fatigue, cold
sensitivity, constipation, weight gain
, What are the clinical manifestations of hyperthyroidism? - Correct Goiter, fatigue, weight
loss, infertility, memory loss, hair loss, muscle pain
What are the clinical manifestation of hyper para thyroidism? - Correct fatigue, body aches,
bone pain, depression, headaches, memory loss
What are the clinical manifestations of hypo para thyroidism? - Correct numbness, tetany,
parathesis, muscle spasms
What are the clinical manifestations of ketoacidosis? - Correct fruity breath, drowsiness,
nausea, thirst, confusion, lethargy, vomiting
What mechanisms control hormone release and regulation? - Correct negative feedback
loop
What hormones are released by the anterior pituitary gland? - Correct Growth Hormone,
prolactin, follicle stimulating hormone, thyroid stimulating hormone, LH, ACTH and endorphins
What is diabetes insipidus? - Correct a disorder caused by inadequate amounts of ADH which
causes excessive water loss
clinical manifestations of diabetes insipidus - Correct polyuria, nocturia, continuous thirst,
and polydipsia
EXAM 2 REVIEW AND STUDY GUIDE
This document summarizes the major topics covered in Exam 2 of Essentials of
Pathophysiology (NUR 2063 / NUR2063), focusing on system-specific disease
processes and their underlying mechanisms. It includes explanations of
inflammation, immunity, fluid and electrolyte balance, acid–base regulation, and
key disorders of the cardiovascular, respiratory, renal, endocrine, and
neurological systems. The material supports exam preparation through clear
definitions, clinical manifestations, and conceptual connections needed for
nursing practice.
,What are the functions of the kidneys? - Correct Regulation of blood pressure; regulating
blood osmolarity; removal of toxins; blood filtration; activate vitamin D
What are the clinical manifestations of benign prostatic hypertrophy? - Correct dribbling;
difficulty initiating urine stream; hesitancy; urinary retention, decreased stream
What substance controls the reabsorption of water from the collecting ducts? - Correct
ADH- Anti Diuretic Hormone
What is type 2 diabetes characterized as? - Correct peripheral tissue insulin resistance
What are the clinical manifestations of Graves' disease? - Correct Exophthalmos (bulging
eyes), goiter, enlarge thyroid, heat intolerance, anxiety- hyperthyroidism
What processes occur during fasting? - Correct glucogenesis; glycogenesis
What type of tissue is accessed to promote energy production in type 1 diabetes? - Correct
adipose/ fat
What are the clinical manifestations of hypothyroidism? - Correct myxedema, fatigue, cold
sensitivity, constipation, weight gain
, What are the clinical manifestations of hyperthyroidism? - Correct Goiter, fatigue, weight
loss, infertility, memory loss, hair loss, muscle pain
What are the clinical manifestation of hyper para thyroidism? - Correct fatigue, body aches,
bone pain, depression, headaches, memory loss
What are the clinical manifestations of hypo para thyroidism? - Correct numbness, tetany,
parathesis, muscle spasms
What are the clinical manifestations of ketoacidosis? - Correct fruity breath, drowsiness,
nausea, thirst, confusion, lethargy, vomiting
What mechanisms control hormone release and regulation? - Correct negative feedback
loop
What hormones are released by the anterior pituitary gland? - Correct Growth Hormone,
prolactin, follicle stimulating hormone, thyroid stimulating hormone, LH, ACTH and endorphins
What is diabetes insipidus? - Correct a disorder caused by inadequate amounts of ADH which
causes excessive water loss
clinical manifestations of diabetes insipidus - Correct polyuria, nocturia, continuous thirst,
and polydipsia
