UVIC PSYCH 210 EXAM 1 STUDY GUIDE
Structuralism - Answer -Tichener's system of psychology, which dealt with conscious
experience as dependent on experiencing persons
Functionalism - Answer -A system of psychology concerned with the mind as it is used
in an organisms adaptation to its environment
Behaviourism - Answer -Watson's science of behaviour, which dealt solely with
observable acts that could be described in objective terms
Gestalt Psychology - Answer -A system of psychology that focuses largely on learning
and perception, suggesting that combining sensory elements produces new patterns
with properties that did not exist in the individual element
Humanistic Psychology - Answer -A system of psychology that emphasizes the study of
conscious experience and the wholeness of human nature
Psychoanalysis - Answer -Freud's theory of personality and a system of psychotherapy
Cognitive Psychology - Answer -A system of psychology that focuses on the processes
of knowing, on how the mind actively organizes experiences
Personalistic Theory - Answer -The view that progress and change in scientific history
are attributable to the ideas of unique individuals
Naturalistic Theory - Answer -The view that progress and change in scientific history
are attributable to the Zeitgeist, which make a culture receptive to some ideas but not to
others
School of Thought - Answer -A group of psychologists who become associated
ideologically, and sometimes geographically, with the leader of a movement
Zeitgeist - Answer -The intellectual and cultural climate or spirit of the times
Histiography - Answer -The principles, methods, and philosophical issues of historical
research
Mechanism - Answer -The doctrine that natural processes are mechanically determined
and capable of explanation by the laws of physics and chemistry
Determinism - Answer -The doctrine that acts are determined by past events
, Reductionism - Answer -The doctrine that explains phenomena on one level (such as
complex ideas) in terms of phenomena on another level (such as simple ideas), ex:
disassemble a clock to see how it works, springs/gears
Empiricism - Answer -The pursuit of knowledge through the observation of nature and
the attribution of all knowledge to experience
Mind-Body problem - Answer -The question of the distinction between mental and
physical qualities
Relax Action Theory - Answer -The idea that an external object (stimulus) can bring
about an involuntary response
Derived Ideas - Answer -Produced by the direct application an external stimulus (the
idea of the bell or a tree)
Innate Ideas - Answer -Arise from mind or consciousness, independent of sensory
experiences or external stimuli, ex: God, the self, perfection, infinity)
Positivism - Answer -The doctrine that recognizes only natural phenomena or facts that
are objectively observable
Materialism - Answer -The doctrine that considers the facts of the universe to be
sufficiently explained in physical terms by the existence and nature of matter
Simple Ideas - Answer -Elemental ideas that arise from sensations and reflection
Complex Ideas - Answer -Derived ideas that are compounded of simple ideas and thus
can be analyzed or reduced to their simpler components
Association - Answer -The notion that knowledge results from linking or associating
simple ideas to form complex ideas
Primary Qualities - Answer -Characteristics such as size and shape that exist in an
object whether or not we perceive them
Secondary Qualities - Answer -Characteristics such as colour and door that exist in our
perception of the object
Mentalism - Answer -The doctrine that all knowledge is a function of mental
phenomena and dependent on the perceiving or experiencing person
Creative Synthesis - Answer -The notion that complex ideas formed from simple ideas
take on new qualities; the combination of the mental elements creates something
greater than or diff from sum of the original elements
Structuralism - Answer -Tichener's system of psychology, which dealt with conscious
experience as dependent on experiencing persons
Functionalism - Answer -A system of psychology concerned with the mind as it is used
in an organisms adaptation to its environment
Behaviourism - Answer -Watson's science of behaviour, which dealt solely with
observable acts that could be described in objective terms
Gestalt Psychology - Answer -A system of psychology that focuses largely on learning
and perception, suggesting that combining sensory elements produces new patterns
with properties that did not exist in the individual element
Humanistic Psychology - Answer -A system of psychology that emphasizes the study of
conscious experience and the wholeness of human nature
Psychoanalysis - Answer -Freud's theory of personality and a system of psychotherapy
Cognitive Psychology - Answer -A system of psychology that focuses on the processes
of knowing, on how the mind actively organizes experiences
Personalistic Theory - Answer -The view that progress and change in scientific history
are attributable to the ideas of unique individuals
Naturalistic Theory - Answer -The view that progress and change in scientific history
are attributable to the Zeitgeist, which make a culture receptive to some ideas but not to
others
School of Thought - Answer -A group of psychologists who become associated
ideologically, and sometimes geographically, with the leader of a movement
Zeitgeist - Answer -The intellectual and cultural climate or spirit of the times
Histiography - Answer -The principles, methods, and philosophical issues of historical
research
Mechanism - Answer -The doctrine that natural processes are mechanically determined
and capable of explanation by the laws of physics and chemistry
Determinism - Answer -The doctrine that acts are determined by past events
, Reductionism - Answer -The doctrine that explains phenomena on one level (such as
complex ideas) in terms of phenomena on another level (such as simple ideas), ex:
disassemble a clock to see how it works, springs/gears
Empiricism - Answer -The pursuit of knowledge through the observation of nature and
the attribution of all knowledge to experience
Mind-Body problem - Answer -The question of the distinction between mental and
physical qualities
Relax Action Theory - Answer -The idea that an external object (stimulus) can bring
about an involuntary response
Derived Ideas - Answer -Produced by the direct application an external stimulus (the
idea of the bell or a tree)
Innate Ideas - Answer -Arise from mind or consciousness, independent of sensory
experiences or external stimuli, ex: God, the self, perfection, infinity)
Positivism - Answer -The doctrine that recognizes only natural phenomena or facts that
are objectively observable
Materialism - Answer -The doctrine that considers the facts of the universe to be
sufficiently explained in physical terms by the existence and nature of matter
Simple Ideas - Answer -Elemental ideas that arise from sensations and reflection
Complex Ideas - Answer -Derived ideas that are compounded of simple ideas and thus
can be analyzed or reduced to their simpler components
Association - Answer -The notion that knowledge results from linking or associating
simple ideas to form complex ideas
Primary Qualities - Answer -Characteristics such as size and shape that exist in an
object whether or not we perceive them
Secondary Qualities - Answer -Characteristics such as colour and door that exist in our
perception of the object
Mentalism - Answer -The doctrine that all knowledge is a function of mental
phenomena and dependent on the perceiving or experiencing person
Creative Synthesis - Answer -The notion that complex ideas formed from simple ideas
take on new qualities; the combination of the mental elements creates something
greater than or diff from sum of the original elements
