PNN 205 PEDIATRIC NEUROLOGY
NURSING ACTUAL QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT ANSWERS
Discuss the components of a neurological assessment in children.
CORRECT ANSWERS ✅✅
A neurological assessment evaluates consciousness, cranial nerves, motor strength, reflexes,
and sensory response. In children, developmental milestones are also assessed to determine if
neurological function matches age expectations. Nurses observe gait, posture, and behavior
for abnormalities. Early recognition of deviations ensures timely intervention.
Explain the significance of developmental milestones in pediatric neurology.
CORRECT ANSWERS ✅✅
Milestones such as sitting, crawling, and speech help identify normal neurological
maturation. Delays may indicate cerebral palsy, autism, or neuromuscular disorders. Nurses
compare milestone achievement to standardized growth charts. Early detection enables early
rehabilitation and improved long-term outcomes.
Discuss the pathophysiology of seizures in children.
CORRECT ANSWERS ✅✅
Seizures occur due to abnormal, excessive neuronal firing in the brain. Causes include fever,
head trauma, metabolic imbalance, infections, or epilepsy syndromes. These electrical
disturbances disrupt normal brain activity, resulting in motor, sensory, or behavioral changes.
Nurses monitor triggers and provide interventions that reduce recurrence.
Describe the nursing management of a child experiencing an active seizure.
CORRECT ANSWERS ✅✅**
During a seizure, nurses ensure airway protection, place the child on their side, and remove
harmful objects. Nothing should be placed in the mouth. Duration and features of the seizure
are recorded. Afterward, reassessment of breathing, consciousness, and glucose levels guides
further care.
Explain febrile seizures and their clinical features.
CORRECT ANSWERS ✅✅
, Febrile seizures occur in children aged 6 months to 5 years due to high fever. They usually
last less than 15 minutes and are generalized tonic-clonic in nature. Nurses reassure families
that these episodes are typically benign. Antipyretics and fever management help prevent
recurrence.
Discuss epilepsy and its nursing management.
CORRECT ANSWERS ✅✅
Epilepsy involves recurrent unprovoked seizures triggered by neuronal instability.
Management includes administering antiepileptic drugs, monitoring serum levels, and
maintaining seizure diaries. Nurses ensure medication compliance and educate families on
safety precautions. Psychosocial support is provided to reduce stigma and anxiety.
Explain status epilepticus and its emergency management.
CORRECT ANSWERS ✅✅
Status epilepticus is a prolonged seizure lasting over 5 minutes or repeated seizures without
recovery. It threatens oxygenation and brain function. Nurses administer rescue medications
like diazepam or lorazepam and provide airway support. Continuous monitoring prevents
complications such as hypoxia and acidosis.
Discuss the causes of increased intracranial pressure in children.
CORRECT ANSWERS ✅✅
Increased intracranial pressure (ICP) can result from trauma, infection, hydrocephalus, or
tumors. Excess pressure reduces cerebral blood flow and damages brain tissue. Symptoms
include headache, vomiting, and altered consciousness. Nurses monitor vital signs, pupil
changes, and neuro status to detect worsening.
Explain the signs of increased intracranial pressure in infants.
CORRECT ANSWERS ✅✅
Signs include bulging fontanels, high-pitched cry, irritability, and poor feeding. Infants may
show sunset eyes due to pressure on brain structures. Nurses measure head circumference
regularly and monitor development. Prompt intervention prevents long-term neurological
damage.
Discuss nursing interventions for increased intracranial pressure.
CORRECT ANSWERS ✅✅
NURSING ACTUAL QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT ANSWERS
Discuss the components of a neurological assessment in children.
CORRECT ANSWERS ✅✅
A neurological assessment evaluates consciousness, cranial nerves, motor strength, reflexes,
and sensory response. In children, developmental milestones are also assessed to determine if
neurological function matches age expectations. Nurses observe gait, posture, and behavior
for abnormalities. Early recognition of deviations ensures timely intervention.
Explain the significance of developmental milestones in pediatric neurology.
CORRECT ANSWERS ✅✅
Milestones such as sitting, crawling, and speech help identify normal neurological
maturation. Delays may indicate cerebral palsy, autism, or neuromuscular disorders. Nurses
compare milestone achievement to standardized growth charts. Early detection enables early
rehabilitation and improved long-term outcomes.
Discuss the pathophysiology of seizures in children.
CORRECT ANSWERS ✅✅
Seizures occur due to abnormal, excessive neuronal firing in the brain. Causes include fever,
head trauma, metabolic imbalance, infections, or epilepsy syndromes. These electrical
disturbances disrupt normal brain activity, resulting in motor, sensory, or behavioral changes.
Nurses monitor triggers and provide interventions that reduce recurrence.
Describe the nursing management of a child experiencing an active seizure.
CORRECT ANSWERS ✅✅**
During a seizure, nurses ensure airway protection, place the child on their side, and remove
harmful objects. Nothing should be placed in the mouth. Duration and features of the seizure
are recorded. Afterward, reassessment of breathing, consciousness, and glucose levels guides
further care.
Explain febrile seizures and their clinical features.
CORRECT ANSWERS ✅✅
, Febrile seizures occur in children aged 6 months to 5 years due to high fever. They usually
last less than 15 minutes and are generalized tonic-clonic in nature. Nurses reassure families
that these episodes are typically benign. Antipyretics and fever management help prevent
recurrence.
Discuss epilepsy and its nursing management.
CORRECT ANSWERS ✅✅
Epilepsy involves recurrent unprovoked seizures triggered by neuronal instability.
Management includes administering antiepileptic drugs, monitoring serum levels, and
maintaining seizure diaries. Nurses ensure medication compliance and educate families on
safety precautions. Psychosocial support is provided to reduce stigma and anxiety.
Explain status epilepticus and its emergency management.
CORRECT ANSWERS ✅✅
Status epilepticus is a prolonged seizure lasting over 5 minutes or repeated seizures without
recovery. It threatens oxygenation and brain function. Nurses administer rescue medications
like diazepam or lorazepam and provide airway support. Continuous monitoring prevents
complications such as hypoxia and acidosis.
Discuss the causes of increased intracranial pressure in children.
CORRECT ANSWERS ✅✅
Increased intracranial pressure (ICP) can result from trauma, infection, hydrocephalus, or
tumors. Excess pressure reduces cerebral blood flow and damages brain tissue. Symptoms
include headache, vomiting, and altered consciousness. Nurses monitor vital signs, pupil
changes, and neuro status to detect worsening.
Explain the signs of increased intracranial pressure in infants.
CORRECT ANSWERS ✅✅
Signs include bulging fontanels, high-pitched cry, irritability, and poor feeding. Infants may
show sunset eyes due to pressure on brain structures. Nurses measure head circumference
regularly and monitor development. Prompt intervention prevents long-term neurological
damage.
Discuss nursing interventions for increased intracranial pressure.
CORRECT ANSWERS ✅✅
