PSYC 230 Midterm 2025/2026 Exam
Questions and Verified Answers |
Already Graded A+
Baltes' 7 principles of lifespan development - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔lifespan
development perspective
development is
-lifelong
-multidirectional and multidimensional (different pathways/levels)
-characterized by both gains/losses
-malleable (plasticity - we have the potential to change)
-embedded in historical and cultural contexts
-multiply determined (nature + nurture)
,-multidisciplinary
normative age-graded influence (developmental system of influence) - 🧠
ANSWER ✔✔events depend on biological age; developmental milestones
-puberty marks adolescence = ~age 18
-emerging adulthood = ~age 25
normative history-graded influence (developmental system of influence) - 🧠
ANSWER ✔✔experiences that are correlated with history and that the
majority experience at the same time that influence development
-ex: elections, pandemic, social media
-cohorts: people born around the same time that experience events
similarly
non-normative influence (developmental system of influence) - 🧠 ANSWER
✔✔not experienced by everybody
-ex: mental health problems, divorce, siblings
assumptions about development - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔-human nature (inherent
goodness/badness vs. blank slate - tabula rasa)
-nature vs. nurture (it's both)
,-active vs. passive (does development happen to us or do we play a role?)
-stability vs. change (permanence vs. changing)
-continuity vs. discontinuity
-universal vs. context-specific
why assumptions differ across individuals - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔-roles:
adolescent, parent, teacher, observer, etc.
-proximity: all adults were adolescents, but some more recently than others
-cultural context: language, religion, art, jokes, manners, norms around
alcohol
maturational meta-theory (plant) - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔-passively grow
according to genetic program (genes = seeds)
-gets nutrients from environment
-development is limited by genetics
-personality psychology is not maturational since it is due in part to
interactions with others
mechanistic meta-theory (machine) - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔-passively grow as
environment (elements, pieces), changes
COPYRIGHT©PROFFKERRYMARTIN 2025/2026. YEAR PUBLISHED 2025. COMPANY REGISTRATION NUMBER: 619652435. TERMS OF USE.
PRIVACY STATEMENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
, -continuously develop in increments
-development limited by environmental conditions
organismic meta-theory (butterfly) - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔-actively grow via
structural reorganization
-discontinuous development (stages)
-development is progressive and unidirectional
contextual meta-theory (tennis game) - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔-actively grow via
person-context interactions
-person + environment are partners in a system
-development is malleable and multidirectional
Erik Erikson's psychosocial theory (organismic) - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔each
period of life has a unique crisis that person who reaches it must face
-8 stages
-ex: 12-18 years = identity vs. role confusion crisis
-ORGANISMIC
-both nature/nurture, active, discontinuous, universal
Questions and Verified Answers |
Already Graded A+
Baltes' 7 principles of lifespan development - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔lifespan
development perspective
development is
-lifelong
-multidirectional and multidimensional (different pathways/levels)
-characterized by both gains/losses
-malleable (plasticity - we have the potential to change)
-embedded in historical and cultural contexts
-multiply determined (nature + nurture)
,-multidisciplinary
normative age-graded influence (developmental system of influence) - 🧠
ANSWER ✔✔events depend on biological age; developmental milestones
-puberty marks adolescence = ~age 18
-emerging adulthood = ~age 25
normative history-graded influence (developmental system of influence) - 🧠
ANSWER ✔✔experiences that are correlated with history and that the
majority experience at the same time that influence development
-ex: elections, pandemic, social media
-cohorts: people born around the same time that experience events
similarly
non-normative influence (developmental system of influence) - 🧠 ANSWER
✔✔not experienced by everybody
-ex: mental health problems, divorce, siblings
assumptions about development - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔-human nature (inherent
goodness/badness vs. blank slate - tabula rasa)
-nature vs. nurture (it's both)
,-active vs. passive (does development happen to us or do we play a role?)
-stability vs. change (permanence vs. changing)
-continuity vs. discontinuity
-universal vs. context-specific
why assumptions differ across individuals - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔-roles:
adolescent, parent, teacher, observer, etc.
-proximity: all adults were adolescents, but some more recently than others
-cultural context: language, religion, art, jokes, manners, norms around
alcohol
maturational meta-theory (plant) - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔-passively grow
according to genetic program (genes = seeds)
-gets nutrients from environment
-development is limited by genetics
-personality psychology is not maturational since it is due in part to
interactions with others
mechanistic meta-theory (machine) - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔-passively grow as
environment (elements, pieces), changes
COPYRIGHT©PROFFKERRYMARTIN 2025/2026. YEAR PUBLISHED 2025. COMPANY REGISTRATION NUMBER: 619652435. TERMS OF USE.
PRIVACY STATEMENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
, -continuously develop in increments
-development limited by environmental conditions
organismic meta-theory (butterfly) - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔-actively grow via
structural reorganization
-discontinuous development (stages)
-development is progressive and unidirectional
contextual meta-theory (tennis game) - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔-actively grow via
person-context interactions
-person + environment are partners in a system
-development is malleable and multidirectional
Erik Erikson's psychosocial theory (organismic) - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔each
period of life has a unique crisis that person who reaches it must face
-8 stages
-ex: 12-18 years = identity vs. role confusion crisis
-ORGANISMIC
-both nature/nurture, active, discontinuous, universal
